Topic 5- Homeostasis Keywords

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions in response to changes

Question 2

Stimulus

Answer 2

A change in the environment

Question 3

Receptors

Answer 3

Cells that detect changes in the environment

Question 4

Coordination centres

Answer 4

Receive and process information from receptors. E.g. brain

Question 5

Effectors

Answer 5

Muscles or glands which bring about a response

Question 6

Reflex action

Answer 6

An automatic and rapid action

Question 7

Endocrine system

Answer 7

Consists of glands that release hormones into the blood to get to a target organ to cause a response

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

Released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels and causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells. It causes glucose to be converted into glycogen for storage in the liver

Question 9

Glucagon

Answer 9

Released from the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels and causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose and released back into the blood

Question 10

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Question 11

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

When the body cells no longer respond to insulin

Question 12

Oestrogen

Answer 12

Released by the ovaries. Stops FSH being released and stimulates LH to be released

Question 13

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 13

Hormone released by the pituitary gland. Causes maturation of the egg in the ovary.

Question 14

Luteinising hormone (LH)

Answer 14

Hormone released by the pituitary gland. Causes the egg to be released from the ovary.

Question 15

In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Answer 15

Where egg cells are fertilised outside of the body with sperm cells

Question 16

Cerebral cortex

Answer 16

The outer part of the brain responsible for intelligence, language, memory and consciousness

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

Controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity

Question 19

MRI

Answer 19

Brain scanning technique

Question 20

Accommodation

Answer 20

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

Question 21

Myopia

Answer 21

Short-sightedness

Question 22

Hyperopia

Answer 22

Long-sightedness

Question 23

Vasodilation

Answer 23

When blood vessels supplying blood to the skin widen and allow more warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, where the heat is lost to the air

Question 24

Vasoconstriction

Answer 24

When blood vessels supplying blood to the skin narrow and allow less warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, which reduces heat loss

Question 25

Deamination

Answer 25

The removal of the amine group on amino acids to form urea

Question 26

Selective reabsorption

Answer 26

When the useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules

Question 27

ADH

Answer 27

Hormone released from the pituitary gland which regulates the water concentration of the blood

Question 28

Thyroxine

Answer 28

Hormone released from the thyroid gland which stimulates the basal metabolic rate