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Biology > Topic 5 - Homeostasis and Response > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What happens to the eye in a bright light?

A

Light receptors in the eye detect bright light
reflex is triggered to make the pupil smaller (avoid damage)
Circular muscles in the iris contract
radial muscles relax

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2
Q

What happens to the eye in dim light?

A

Circular muscles relax
radial muscles contract
makes the pupil wider (more light enters)

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3
Q

To look at near objects

A

Ciliary muscles contract which loosens the suspensory ligaments
The lens becomes more curved
Increases amount of light refracted

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4
Q

To look at distant objects

A

Ciliary muscles relax which tightens the suspensory ligaments
The lens becomes less curved
Decreases amount of light refracted

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5
Q

What problems do long-sighted people have?

A

Lens is the wrong shape and doesn’t refract the light enough
Eyeball is too short
Images of near objects are focused behind the retina

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6
Q

What lens is used to correct long-sightedness?

A 
Convex lens (curves outwards)
Refracts light rays onto the retina
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7
Q

What problems do short-sighted people have?

A

lens is the wrong shape and refracts too much light
Eyeball is too long
Images of distant objects are focused in front of the retina

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8
Q

What lens is used to correct short-sightedness?

A 
Concave lens (caves inwards)
Makes light rays focus on the retina
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9
Q

What are the 3 treatments for vision defects?

A

Contact lenses
Laser eye surgery
Replacement lens surgery

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10
Q

Excess glucose is stored as

A

glycogen

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11
Q

When blood glucose levels are too high

A

Insulin is secreted from the pancreas
insulin makes the glucose turn into glycogen
blood glucose is lowered

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12
Q

When blood glucose levels are too high

A

Glucagon is secreted from the pancreas
Glucagon makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose
Blood glucose levels are increased

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13
Q

How do the kidneys make urine

A

Take waste products from the blood

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14
Q

What is the process when substances are filtered out of the blood as they pass through the kidney

A

filtration

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15
Q

What is the process called in which useful substances are absorbed into the blood

A

selective reabsorption

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16
Q

What 3 substances are removed from the body and is in urine

A

Urea
Ions
Water

17
Q

Urea

A

Proteins can’t be stored in the body so they are converted into fats and carbohydrates which can be stored
occurs in the liver
process is called deamination

18
Q

How are ions taken into the body?

A

Consumption of food

19
Q

What happens if the ion/water content in the body is wrong?

A

Disrupt balance between ions
too much/little water is drawn into cells by osmosis
Damage cells/don’t work efficiently

20
Q

How are ions lost

A

Sweating

21
Q

Is the amount of ions lost regulated?

A

No
maintained by the kidneys
Right amount of ions are reabsorbed by the kidney

22
Q

The body has to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ _ _ _ _ the water coming in against the water going out

A

constantly balance

23
Q

2 ways water is lost

A

Water is lost from the skin by sweating

Water is lost from the lungs when exhaling

24
Q

Can you control the ways water is lost

A

No
Balanced by the amount we consume
and the amount removed by the kidney

25
Q

Urine concentration is controlled by which hormone?

Where is it secreted from

A

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

Pituitary gland

26
Q

Describe the negative feedback on the water content in urine

A

Receptor in the brain detects water content is too high/low
Coordination centre in the brain receives information and coordinates a response
Pituitary gland secretes less/more ADH so less/more is reabsorbed by the kidney

27
Q

Describe type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas produces little/no insulin
Blood glucose can rise
Need to take insulin injections-decrease blood glucose levels
Amount of insulin depends on their diet and how active they are

28
Q

Describe type 2 diabetes

A

Becomes resistant to their own insulin
Blood sugar level can rise
Controlled by a carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise

29
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

Control of water levels and mineral ions in the blood

30
Q

Name and describe 3 plant hormones

A

Auxin - plant growth
Gibberellin - seed germination, stem growth, flowering
Ethene - ripening the fruit

31
Q

Auxin controls the growth of plants in response to which 2 stimuli

A

Phototropism - light

Geotropism - gravity

32
Q

What happens if there is extra auxin

A

Promotes growth in the shoot

inhibits growth of roots

33
Q

In which direction do shoots and roots grow

A

Shoots grow against the force of gravity

Roots grow towards the direction of gravity

Biology (7 decks)

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