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Hllx VETAN 211 > Topic 5 - Development Of The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Development Of The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Development of the specific tissues and organs of the body.

A

Organogenesis

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2
Q

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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3
Q

Basic functional units of the CNS.

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

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4
Q

It is a cell specialized to receive
stimuli from the environment and transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain where
these impulses are interpreted; and then to the effector organs (e.g. muscle, stomach,
etc.) for response.

A

neurons (nerve cells)

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5
Q

The connective tissue cells of the CNS

A

gliocytes
(oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microgliocytes and ependymal cells).

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6
Q

which contains cytoplasm and nucleus;

A

nerve cell body

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7
Q

conducts impulses away from the cell body.

A

axon

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8
Q

The axon presents at its end many tiny branches called

A

telodendria

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9
Q

Several axons may be grouped/ bundled together to form

A

nerve tracts

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10
Q

Number of axon in all neurons

A

constant and is always one.

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11
Q

which receive stimuli from the environment and convert these stimuli into impulses.

A

dendrites

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12
Q

neuron w/ only one process (axon only)

A

Unipolar neuron

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13
Q

neuron w/ two processes (axon & dendrite)

A

Bipolar neuron

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14
Q

neuron w/ many processes (one axon & many dendrites)

A

Multipolar neuron

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15
Q

Enlarged cranial portion of the neural tube becomes the

A

brain

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16
Q

The slender middle and caudal portions become the

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

Neural canal becomes the

A

ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

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18
Q

Layers of the Neural Tube Wall

A
  1. Germinal layer or ventricular zone
  2. Mantle layer or intermediate zone
  3. Marginal layer
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19
Q

inner layer; composed of neuroepithelial cells that remain lining the central canal and designated as ependymal cells

A

Germinal layer or ventricular zone

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20
Q

middle layer; zone of high cell density, formed by accumulation of neuroblasts and glioblasts; becomes the gray matter of the CNS w/c contains cell bodies of neurons & several gliocytes.

A

Mantle layer or intermediate zone

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21
Q

the outer layer surrounding the mantle layer; cell-sparse zone
where axons of neurons & some gliocytes are present; becomes the white matter of the CNS which contains mainly myelinated axons of neurons.

A

Marginal layer

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22
Q

The lateral wall of the neural tube is divided into 2 plates:

A

Alar or dorsal plate and
basal or ventral plate

23
Q

a bilateral indentation in the neural cavity that serves as a landmark to divide the wall.

A

sulcus limitans

24
Q

contains cell bodies of efferent or motor neurons that send axons into the PNS.

A

basal plate

25
Q

contains neurons that receive afferent or sensory input from the PNS.

A

Alar plate

26
Q

Midline region of the wall dorsal to the neural canal constitutes the

A

roof plate

27
Q

counterpart wall ventral to the neural canal is the

A

floor plate.

28
Q

occupies the rostral part of the head.

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

29
Q

Prosencephalon neural canal is

A

prosocoele

30
Q

Mesencephalon neural canal is

A

mesocoele

30
Q

Rhombencephalon neural canal is

A

rhombocoele

31
Q

By about 29 – 30 hours of incubation, the lateral walls of prosencephalon evaginate to form two

A

primary optic vesicles

32
Q

occurs at the level of the midbrain; concave ventrally.

A

Midbrain flexure

33
Q

occurs between the midbrain and the hindbrain; concave dorsally.

A

Pontine flexure

34
Q

appears at the junction of the hindbrain and spinal cord;
persists slightly in domestic animals; concave ventrally.

A

Cervical flexure

35
Q

By 72 hours of incubation, the telencephalon presents a median portion called; and 2 lateral evagination called

A

median telencephalon; lateral telencephalic vesicles.

36
Q

Malformations of the Brain

A
  1. Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy
  2. Cerebellar abiotrophy
  3. Hydrocephalus
  4. Hydranencephaly
37
Q

failure of cerebellum to develop due to destruction of cerebellar cortex.

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia and atrophy

38
Q

premature degeneration of Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex.

A

Cerebellar abiotrophy

39
Q

accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the
cranial cavity.

A

Hydrocephalus

39
Q

accumulation of excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the
cranial cavity.

A

Hydrocephalus

40
Q

thin walled and greatly enlarged lateral ventricle filled with CSF.

A

Hydranencephaly

41
Q

Malformations of the Spinal Cord

A
  1. Myelodysplasia
  2. Myeloschisis
  3. Meningocoele
  4. Meningomyelocoele
42
Q

general term for a malformation of the spinal cord. Originates
during neurula.

A

Myelodysplasia

43
Q

reduced or absence of development of one or more segments of spinal cord.

A

Hypoplasia (aplasia)

44
Q

dilation of central canal due to excess accumulation of CSF.

A

Hydromyelia

45
Q

abnormal cavitation of the spinal cord.

A

Syrinomyelia

46
Q

2 spinal cords develop beside each other usually in one set or meninges and in one vertebral canal.

A

Diplomyelia

47
Q

2 spinal cords develop w/ a partition between them.
Usually in separate vertebral canals and have separate meninges.

A

Diastematomyelia

48
Q

cleft in the neural tube brought about by the failure of this part to close during neurulation.

A

Myeloschisis

49
Q

protrusion of the meninges through an opening in the vertebral arches to form a cyst beneath the skin.

A

Meningocoele

50
Q

similar to meningocoele except that both meninges and spinal cord protrudes.

A

Meningomyelocoele

51
Q

the failure of vertebral arches to close dorsal to spinal cord.

A

Spina bifida

Hllx VETAN 211 (8 decks)

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