Topic 5. China after Mao Flashcards
Who were possible Mao successors before 1970?
Lin Biao and PLA
Chou Enlai and government
Jiang Qing an Gang of Four
Why did Lin Biao die?
Plan to overthrow Mao apparently was released (Project 571)
When and how did Lin Biao die?
1971 in plane crash
Reasons for rise of Gang of Four
Jian Qing grew during Cultural Revolution
Death of Zhou Enlai - led to riots as wreaths had been removed, Gof4 blamed it on Deng.
Who did Mao choose as his successor?
Hua Gupfeng
How were Gang of Four arrested?
Hua invited them to urgent meeting about Mao’s memorial arrangements. When they arrived they were arrested.
Who became leader of China in 1978
Deng Xiaoping
When were Gof4 put in trial?
1980-81
What were Gof4 accused of?
Planning to overthrow communist state
Trying to use Red Guards to remove Deng and Liu in 1966.
Punishing and torturing opponents
How did Jiang Qing react during trail?
She accused judges of being revisionist spies.
Deng saying which meant he would move away from Communism (in terms of economy)
“It doesn’t matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice”
What were Deng’s economic aims?
To modernise Chinese economy
To develop trade with outside world
To encourage foreign investment into China
Reasons for Deng’s reforms
- Machines old-fashioned, factories inefficient.
- Co.operative farms were failing to produce enough food. 1982 - China had to import 13.7 million tons of grain
- Grinding poverty was made worse by serious droughts and floods in 1980-1981
Reasons for changes in agriculture
Production didn’t meet demands
Communes meant farmers had no incentive to produce more
Still used traditional farming methods
What did Deng’s agricultural reform include?
HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITY SYSTEM:
- Still no private ownership
- Quota in exchange for using land for 15 years
- Could choose what to grow
- Had control over their labour and could distributed them as they wished
- All extra produced sold for profit
Effects of agricultural reforms
By 1984 - 98% of households involved in system
Income per capita (from rural residents) went from 103.9 Yuan in 1978 -> 545 Yuan in 1988
What was the industry reform called?
10-Year Plan
What does SOE stand for?
State-Owned Enterprises - However - managers told to run factories profitably and introduce incentives for workers.
What were TVEs
Town and Village Enterprises - small businesses in countryside
What are SEZs?
Special Economic Zones - Provided cheap labour for western firms.
Positive effects of industrial reform
Export trade grew by 500%
Record number of consumer goods.
By 1990 TVEs employed 100 million people.
Why were changes in education needed after Mao?
Cultural revolution meant that by 1979 6% had been educated to degree level.
Industrial progress required mechanical expertise.
What did Deng’s education reforms do?
Examinations for University entry restored.
Private universities allowed.
Research institutes re-opened
Students encouraged to travel to West for university education.
Why was One Child Policy introduced?
By 1979 china population = 974 million.
Estimated that by 2000, pop would = 1.28 billion
Concerns about feeding + resources.
