Topic 5&6 Bonding & Lewis Structure Flashcards
What are the three main types of bonding?
Ionic, covalent, metallic
Define a molecule.
A neutral entity consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds; compounds contain different elements while molecules can contain the same element.
What are the main components of an atom?
Nucleus (protons + neutrons) and electrons (surround the nucleus)
Why do atoms bond together?
To form a more stable compound with lower energy than the separate atoms.
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outer shell associated with an atom that can participate in chemical bonding.
What is the Octet Rule?
Atoms will gain or lose electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration, typically consisting of eight valence electrons.
Which elements does the Octet Rule apply to?
Elements with valence electrons in the s- and/or p-orbitals; it does not apply to transition metals or d-block elements.
What is valency?
The combining power of an element, related to the number of electrons in the outer shell.
How does valency relate to oxidation number?
Valency indicates the number of bonds an atom can form but has no sign, unlike oxidation number.
What is the significance of unpaired electrons in determining covalent bonds?
The number of covalent bonds an atom can form equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outer atomic orbitals.
What type of bond results from electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charges?
Ionic bonds
What is a covalent bond?
A bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
What characterizes metallic bonds?
Metal atoms bonded to several other atoms with delocalized electrons that move freely.
Define electronegativity.
The ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in its combined state.
