topic 5 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 7 agencies of social control
A
- police
- CPS
- HM court and tribunal service
- judiciary
- HM prison service
- National probation service
- Charities and pressure groups
2
Q
police role and responsibility
A
- divided into constabularies
- investigate crimes
- prevent crimes
- collect evidence and identify witnesses
- maintain social order and support the welfare of citizens
- investigate, arrest and question suspects
- provide evidence in court
3
Q
police philosophy
A
to keep society safe and cut levels of crime
- aim to not discriminate, be ethical and treat everyone fairly
4
Q
police aims and objectives
A
- protect the public
- deter and reduce crime
- uphold the law
- provide external social control to encourage conformity
- support of victims
5
Q
police funding
A
- central govt grants
- home office
- 1/3 of funding from their share in council tax
- 2018/19 budget was £12.3 billion.
6
Q
police working practices
A
- divided into 43 constabularies across England and Wales
- approx 150,000 officers
- work directly with offenders
- respond to emergency and non emergency from the public
- different divisions for different crimes
7
Q
CPS role and responsibilities
A
- advises the police in the early stages of an investigation
- decide on an appropriate charge for a suspect
- examine evidence to determine of its admissible
- prepares and presents cases in court
8
Q
CPS philosophy
A
- make sure right person is prosecuted for the right offence
- fair, independent and just
- end unlawful discrimination for anything
9
Q
CPS aims and objectives
A
- determine charges for serious or complex cases
- provide support for victims and witnesses
- must have sufficient evidence to prosecute
10
Q
CPS funding
A
- govt funds
- 2016-17 budget was over £500 million
- 2019 CPS received an extra £85 million to respond effectively to current trends
11
Q
CPS working practices
A
- involved in evert single prosecuted offence in England and Wales
- operate across E and W, 14 regional teams
- CPS direct accessible 24 hours a day
- decide whether or not to prosecute people in court
- grant bail to suspects (released from custody)
12
Q
HM court and tribunal service roles and responsibilities
A
- responsible for criminal, civil and family and appellate courts
- hold trials, hearings, tribunals and appeals
- support the independent judiciary and administration of justice
- collaborate effectively with other justice organisations and agencies including the legal professions to improve access to justice
13
Q
HM c and ts philosophy
A
- giving people and businesses acess to justice
- victims and witnesses of crime and defendants
- ensure due process is provided for all and that the correct outcomes occur
14
Q
HM c and ts aims and objectives
A
- provide tribunals and trials for all that need them
- continue to expand their provision both in terms of tribunals and trials
15
Q
HM c and ts funding
A
- regulated by the ministry of justice
- funding from govt grants from taxation
16
Q
HM c and ts working practices
A
- 91 crown courts in E and W
- 150 magistrates courts
- 170 county courts
- 1 court of appeal
- 1 supreme court
- national reach- a court in every major town and city
17
Q
Judiciary role and responsibilities
A
- judges across E and W
- decide sentences in cases
- assist in outcome of cases by advising juries
- interpret and apply the law fairly
- give people a punishment for a wrongful action
- give justice for those victim of a wrongful action
18
Q
judiciary philosiphy
A
- provide impartial justice in criminal cases
- decisions must be in line with guidance from sentencing council a decisions of other judges
- responsibility to potentially overturn flawed laws and wrongful convictions
- involved in advancing civil rights and the rights of the accused
19
Q
judiciary aims and objectives
A
- ensure rule of law and legal security for individuals
- make sure the law is applied and interpreted correctly
- give out just sentences
- provide clarifications on the law- jury guidance or setting precedent
20
Q
judiciary funding
A
- funded through govt
- paid a salary
- council of the judiciary have the right to propose a budget once agreed council allocates funds to individual courts
21
Q
judiciary working practices
A
- operate in 4 different courts- crown, COA SC and ECtHR
- 91 crown courts across UK
- 600 circuit judges
- can hear a case without a jury if the case will be long and complex
- must take an oath of allegiance and the judicial oath
22
Q
HM prison service role and responsibilities
A
- organise and run the prisons of E and W and responsible for those in custody
- responsible for rehab programmes so prisoners can lead law abiding lives
- support effective offender management and post prison care
- run 103 of the 117 prisons in the UK
23
Q
HM ps philosophy
A
- punishing the offender while keeping ethics in tact
- want individuals to lead law abiding lives in and out of prison
- make sure time in prisons isnt wasted
24
Q
HM ps aims and objectives
A
- house offenders during prison sentence- safe and secure environment
- rehabilitate prisoners through anger management or drugs and alcohol treatment programmes
- play a role in prisoners training must establish positive relationships with different people to maintain balance between authority and compassion
- perform security checks and search procedures on prisoners, staff and visitors
- prevent potential crime by making it known to the public that crime will lead to prison
- supervise visits and carry out patrol duties
25
Q
HM ps funding
A
- lies in public sector- govt grant allowance from prison and probation service- gained from taxation
- 2018- spent total of £3.2 billion on prisons
- 14 private prisons contractually managed by private companies eg Sodexo
26
Q
HM ps working practices
A
- prisons in UK are national
- 117 prisons in E and W- 103 ran by HMPPS rest privately owned
- 12 are womens prisons
- prison population capacity is 85,000- 83,000 in prison
- 4 types of prison - Cat A- high security
Cat B- local and training prisons
Cat C- training and resettlement
Cat D- open prisons
27
Q
National probation service role and responsibilities
A
- set up in 2014 manage and supervise those who serve sentences in the community
- provide support to released offenders but are still serving time
- provide pre-sentencing reports for the courts to help guide the appropriate sentence
- assess offenders in prison to prepare them for release into the community
- managed approved premises for offenders with a residence requirement on their sentence
- help all offenders serving sentences in the community meet the requirements ordered by the courts
- provide support for rehab and post- sentence reintegration to society
- provide support for victims of serious sexual and violent crime.
28
Q
National probation service philosophy
A
- reducing reoffending rates by supervising and effectively rehabilitating those released from prison
- allows them to benefit society through continuing supervision while in the community
29
Q
National probation service aims and objectives
A
- work with 3,000 offenders to support rehab and transition back into society
- communication with and prioritising the wellbeing of victims of serious sexual and violent offences where d received sentence of 12 months or more
30
Q
National probation service funding
A
- funded by HMPPS
- funded through the national offender management service
- 35 probation trusts that receive this money
- community rehab companies are self funded
31
Q
National probation service working practices
A
- 7 divisional areas of the CPS with 35 probation trusts within them
- probation officer will undertake full range of work with offenders before and after sentencing
- day to day probation officers manage caseloads- provide info to courts and work closely with the agencies
- support offenders- provide practical advise about housing and employment
32
Q
charities and pressure groups role and responsibilities
A
- attempt to pressurise the other formal agencies to reform and change their ways
- mainly recieve donations and the winning of govt grants for research
- campaign to change organisations and help those who go through the CJS
33
Q
C and P philosophy
A
- help others and improve society
- try to instigate change in relation to something they see as negative in society
- often non profit, work to benefit society as a whole not to make money
34
Q
C and P aims and objectives
A
- different for each group
- Prison reform Trust eg
- aims are to promote rights to prisoners, improve treatment of those in prisons, reduce unnecessary imprisonment and promote community solutions to criminality
35
Q
C and P funding
A
- cannot make money as they are non profit
- need money to conduct work
- money comes from donations from patrons and sometimes govt funding
- can also receive tax benefits from the govt
36
Q
C and P working practices
A
objectives achieved through:
- conducting research
- running campaigns
- lobbying govts
- organising protests
