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Science sec 2 > Topic 5 > Flashcards

Topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical changes

A

reversible

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1
Q

Chemical changes

A

irreversible, form new substance
occur when matter interacts with heat, light, electricity or when two or more different kinds of matter interact

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2
Q

What is thermal decomposition

A

substance is broken down into two or more simpler substances by the effect of heat

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3
Q

What is combustion

A

substance and oxygen come in the presence of heat, releasing a lot of energy

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4
Q

What is oxidisation

A

substance reacting to oxygen

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5
Q

What are acids

A

substances which produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. The hydrogen ions are responsible for the acidic properties

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6
Q

Formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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7
Q

Formula for Nitric acid

A

HNO₃

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8
Q

Formula for Sulfuric acid

A

H₂SO₄

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9
Q

How do acids taste

A

sour

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9
Q

Formula for Phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

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10
Q

Effect of acids on blue litmus paper and red litmus paper

A

blue litmus paper turns red
no effect of red litmus

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11
Q

Effect of acids on universal indicator

A

Indicator turns from green to yellow/orange/red

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12
Q

Do acids conduct electricity

A

good conductors of electricity in aqueous solution because of mobile ions

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13
Q

Why are acids not acidic in organic solvents

A

there are no hydrogen ions present

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14
Q

What is formed when acids react with metals

A

salt + hydrogen

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15
Q

what is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with metal

A

metal chloride

16
Q

What if formed when acids react with metal carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

17
Q

what is formed when acids react with bases

A

salt + water

18
Q

What is the nature of hydrogen gas

A

colourless, odourless

19
Q

What is the nature of carbon dioxide gas

A

colourless, odourless

20
Q

What is the nature of ammonia gas

A

colourless, pungent

21
Q

Test for hydrogen gas

A

place lighted splint at the mouth of test tube
observe if splint is extinguished with “pop” sound

22
Q

Test for carbon dioxide gas

A

Bubble gas into limewater(aqueous cacium hydroxide)
Observe if gas forms white precipitate

23
Q

Test for ammonia gas

A

use damp red litmus paper
observe if red litmus paper turns blue

24
Q

What are bases

A

metal oxides/hydroxides which react with acids to produce salt and water only (neutralising acids)

25
Q

What is the properties of bases

A

Most bases are insoluble in water

26
Q

What are alkali

A

Alkali are bases which are soluble in water, and produce hydroxide ions when in aqueous solution.

27
Q

What is the pH of alkali

A

greater than pH 7

28
Q

Effects of alkali on blue and red litmus paper

A

alkali no effect on blue litmus paper, turns red litmus paper blue

29
Q

How does alkali taste/feel

A

bitter taste, soapy feel

30
Q

When do alkali conduct electricity

A

Alkali are good conductors of electricity in aqueous solution due to presence of mobile ions

31
Q

Effect of alkali on universal indicator

A

turns universal indicator blue / violet

32
Q

What is formed when acids react to alkali

A

salt + water only as alkali are bases

33
Q

What is formed when alkali is heated with ammonium salt

A

salt + water + ammonia

34
Q

Define concentration

A

Amount of solute dissolved in a unit volume of solution

35
Q

What is a saturated solution

A

Maximum amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent at fixed temperature

36
Q

Is an acid at pH 2 more or less acidic than pH 6

A

lower acid pH = more acidic

37
Q

Is an alkaline solution at pH 10 more or less alkaline than pH 8

A

higher alkaline pH = more alkaline

38
Q

Acid hydrogen ions to hydroxide ions ratio

A

acid has higher concentration of hydrogen ions, low concentration of hydroxide ions

39
Q

Alkaline hydrogen ions to hydroxide ions ratio

A

Alkaline solution has low concentration of hydrogen ions, higher concentration of hydroxide ions

40
Q

Neutral solution pH, and concentration of hydrogen to hydroxide ions

A

equal concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Science sec 2 (7 decks)

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