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GCSE Chem > Topic 4a > Flashcards

Topic 4a Flashcards

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1
Q

4.1
Explain how to deduce the relative reactivity of some metals

A

React metal w/ acid
-More reactive metals react explosively + produce lot of H₂
-As go down reactivity series reactions gradually less violent

React metal w/ water
-Only most reactive metals react

Measure temp
-More reactive = more heat

(Needs to be fair test:
-same SA
-same mass
-same type+conc+v of acid each time)

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2
Q

4.1
Explain why reactive metals will produce a lot of hydrogen when reacted with an acid

A

Metal + Acid -> Salt + H₂

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3
Q

4.1
Describe how K, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu would react with an acid

A

K: Explosively + lot of H₂
Mg: Bubbles, solid metal dissolve
Zn & Fe: Fewer bubbles
Cu: Does not react

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4
Q

4.1
State whether K, Zn, Fe and Cu would react with water

A

K: Yes
Zn, Fe & Cu: No

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5
Q

4.2
Define the term redox reaction

A

Both oxidation & reduction occur

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6
Q

4.2
What is a displacement reaction an example of?

A

Redox reaction

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7
Q

4.2
Explain why the reaction between zinc & copper sulfate is a redox reaction [3 marks]

A

-In displacement reaction 1 substance oxidised (loses electrons) & another is reduced (gains)
-Zn atoms lose 2 electrons -> Zn^2+ ions
-Cu^2+ ions gain 2 electrons -> Cu atoms

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8
Q

4.2
What is a displacement reaction?

A

More reactive element takes place of less reactive 1

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9
Q

4.3
Use a mnemonic to learn the reactivity series (include carbon and hydrogen)

A

Please -> Potassium
Sady -> Sodium
Come -> Calcium
My -> Magnesium
Aunt -> Aluminium
(CARBON)
Zehra -> Zinc
Is -> Iron
(HYDROGEN)
Crying -> Copper
So -> Silver
Good -> Gold

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10
Q

4.4
Define the term ore

A

Rock which metal can be extracted from

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11
Q

4.4
Where are unreactive metals found?

A

Earth’s crust as uncombined elements

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12
Q

4.5
Define the term oxidation and reduction (referring to oxygen)

A

Oxidation - Gain of oxygen
Reduction - Loss of oxygen

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13
Q

4.6
What does the extraction of metals involve?

A

Reduction of ores

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14
Q

4.7
State how would you extract different metals

A

-Anything above carbon -> electrolysis
-Zn, Fe, Cu -> Heat w/ carbon
-Ag, Au -> Found as uncombined elements

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15
Q

4.7
Explain why metals above carbon in the reactivity series cannot be extracted using heating with carbon

A

More stable than C so C will not displace them

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16
Q

4.7
Explain why zinc, iron and copper can be extracted by heating with carbon

A

C = more reactive so will displace them

17
Q

4.7
Which is preferred for the extraction of metals: heating with carbon or electrolysis? Why?

A

Heating w/ C because electrolysis = expensive

18
Q

4.8
What is a low grade ore?

A

Contains very small amount of metal -> hard to economically extract (make it cost-effective)

19
Q

4.8
Describe the process of phytoextraction/phytomining (same thing)

A

-Grow plants on land containing desired metal compound
-Plants absorb metal compounds & concentrate it in tissue
-Plants harvested + burned
-Ash contains relatively high conc of metal compound

20
Q

4.8
Describe the process of bioleaching

A

-Grow bacteria on low grade ore
-Bacteria carry out chemical reactions
-Produce solution called leachate
-Leachate = contains metal compound needed

21
Q

4.9
Define the term corrosion

A

Metal oxidised (reacts w/ O₂) -> becomes weaker over time

22
Q

4.9
Define the term rusting

A

-Corrosion of iron
-Requires water & oxygen

23
Q

4.9
What will cause an object to corrode more?

A

Higher reactivity

24
Q

4.11
Describe the lifecycle/life time assessment of a product

A

CHOICE OF MATERIAL
-Which material?
-How much energy to extract material?
-Pollution?
MANUFACTURE
-How much energy to manufacture?
-Toxic gases?
-Waste products used/disposed of easily?
PRODUCT USE
-Product harmful to environment?
HOW WILL IT BE DISPOSED OF?
-Burning -> toxic/greenhouse gases + run out of resources
-Landfill -> visual pollution + run out of resources

25
Q

4.12
Describe how you would evaluate data from a lifecyle assessment of a product

A

Compare all stages & suggest best material

26
Q

Why can aluminium be used in drink cans?

A

-Oxidises quickly -> forms protective layer (aluminium oxide)
-Stops further corrosion

27
Q

Outline the 4 advantages of recycling metals

A

-Reduce need to mine (conserve natural resources)
-Saves energy
-Less GHG
-Less waste in landfills

28
Q

State an 3 advantages of extracting a metal by phytoextraction rather than from its ore

A

-Less noise due to mining
-Less CO2
-Conserves ores

GCSE Chem (13 decks)

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