Topic 4 - UK's Evolving Physical Landscape Flashcards
Where are the upland areas located in the UK
North and West / Above Tees-Exe line
Where are the lowland areas located in the UK
South and East / Below Tees-Exe Line
Which river runs through London
The River Thames
What are the 3 main types of rock
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
How are Metamorphic rocks formed
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure cause other rocks to change
How are Sedimentary rocks formed
Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted together over time
How are Igneous rocks formed
Igneous rocks are formed when magma from the Earth’s mantle cools and hardens
Name a typical property of Igneous rocks
A typical property of igneous rocks is that they are hard
What type of rock is Limestone
Sedimentary Rock
Name 3 ways that tectonic activity has shaped the UK Landscape
Plate Movements, Plate Collisions, Active Volcano
What type of rock was formed by magma cooling on the UK’s surface?
Igneous Rock
Which rock type commonly forms wide, flat valleys?
Clay
Name 2 characteristics of Granite
Hard, Resistant
T/F Limestone is impermeable
False, it is permeable
Define Permeable
A substance can flow through it
Define Impermeable
A substance can’t flow through it
Why is Slate hard and resistant
It is formed in layers
Why does Clay form wide, flat valleys
It is easily erodible
What are the 4 main physical landscape processes
weathering, erosion, post-glacial river processes and slope processes
What are the 3 types of weathering
Biological, Chemical, Mechanical
Define Erosion
Erosion is where materials are worn away by natural forces (Wind, Water)
What is Post-glacial river process?
When ice melts at the end of a glacial period making rivers larger and more powerful to erode the landscape
What affects physical processes?
Climate
How has agriculture affected the UK’s landscape
Forest has been cleared to make space for agriculture
What human activities have shaped distinctive landscapes over time?
Agriculture, Settlement, Forestry
What physical landscape process are mass movement and soil creep examples of?
Slope Processes
What happens in Biological Weathering
In Biological Weathering, living things break down rocks
What are the 2 main types of waves
Constructive, Destructive
T/F Constructive waves are small waves that are not very tall above the surface of the ocean
True
Name 2 characteristics of Destructive waves
Destructive waves are tall, frequent
Define Deposition
Deposition is the sea depositing solid material from the sea onto the land on the coastline
What are the 3 main erosional processes
Hydraulic Power, Abrasion, Attrition
Name 2 Coastal Defences
Sea Walls, Groynes
What are sea walls made of and what do they do
Sea walls are made out of materials that block waves
What are Groynes
Groynes are fences that stick out at 90o to the coast
What do Groynes do
Groynes stop the process of longshore drift by trapping material against the fence
