Topic 4 - UK's Evolving Physical Landscape Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the upland areas located in the UK

A

North and West / Above Tees-Exe line

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2
Q

Where are the lowland areas located in the UK

A

South and East / Below Tees-Exe Line

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3
Q

Which river runs through London

A

The River Thames

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4
Q

What are the 3 main types of rock

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

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5
Q

How are Metamorphic rocks formed

A

Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure cause other rocks to change

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6
Q

How are Sedimentary rocks formed

A

Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted together over time

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7
Q

How are Igneous rocks formed

A

Igneous rocks are formed when magma from the Earth’s mantle cools and hardens

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8
Q

Name a typical property of Igneous rocks

A

A typical property of igneous rocks is that they are hard

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9
Q

What type of rock is Limestone

A

Sedimentary Rock

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10
Q

Name 3 ways that tectonic activity has shaped the UK Landscape

A

Plate Movements, Plate Collisions, Active Volcano

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11
Q

What type of rock was formed by magma cooling on the UK’s surface?

A

Igneous Rock

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12
Q

Which rock type commonly forms wide, flat valleys?

A

Clay

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13
Q

Name 2 characteristics of Granite

A

Hard, Resistant

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14
Q

T/F Limestone is impermeable

A

False, it is permeable

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15
Q

Define Permeable

A

A substance can flow through it

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16
Q

Define Impermeable

A

A substance can’t flow through it

17
Q

Why is Slate hard and resistant

A

It is formed in layers

18
Q

Why does Clay form wide, flat valleys

A

It is easily erodible

19
Q

What are the 4 main physical landscape processes

A

weathering, erosion, post-glacial river processes and slope processes

20
Q

What are the 3 types of weathering

A

Biological, Chemical, Mechanical

21
Q

Define Erosion

A

Erosion is where materials are worn away by natural forces (Wind, Water)

22
Q

What is Post-glacial river process?

A

When ice melts at the end of a glacial period making rivers larger and more powerful to erode the landscape

23
Q

What affects physical processes?

24
Q

How has agriculture affected the UK’s landscape

A

Forest has been cleared to make space for agriculture

25
What human activities have shaped distinctive landscapes over time?
Agriculture, Settlement, Forestry
26
What physical landscape process are mass movement and soil creep examples of?
Slope Processes
27
What happens in Biological Weathering
In Biological Weathering, living things break down rocks
28
What are the 2 main types of waves
Constructive, Destructive
29
T/F Constructive waves are small waves that are not very tall above the surface of the ocean
True
30
Name 2 characteristics of Destructive waves
Destructive waves are tall, frequent
31
Define Deposition
Deposition is the sea depositing solid material from the sea onto the land on the coastline
32
What are the 3 main erosional processes
Hydraulic Power, Abrasion, Attrition
33
Name 2 Coastal Defences
Sea Walls, Groynes
34
What are sea walls made of and what do they do
Sea walls are made out of materials that block waves
35
What are Groynes
Groynes are fences that stick out at 90o to the coast
36
What do Groynes do
Groynes stop the process of longshore drift by trapping material against the fence