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GCSE - Geography > Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are winds?

A

The wind is the movement of air on a large scale. The air is made up of gases

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2
Q

What causes winds?

A

Differences in air pressure cause winds

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3
Q

How does air pressure affect winds?

A

Winds move from high-pressure areas of the Earth to lower-pressure areas of the Earth

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4
Q

What are the 3 global atmospheric circulation cells called

A

Hadley, Ferrell, Polar

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5
Q

Name 2 properties of Wind

A

Wind is caused by difference in air pressure, Moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas

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6
Q

T/F At 30 (Degrees Celsius) north and south, the air from the equator cools and falls

A

True

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7
Q

What are Trade Winds

A

Trade winds are surface winds that blow from 30 (Degrees Celsius) north or 30 (Degrees Celsius) south back towards the equator

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8
Q

Where do Trade winds from the northern & southern hemisphere meet

A

They meet at the equator

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9
Q

What happens after the Trade winds meet

A

They meet, heat up and the cycle rebegins

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10
Q

What are Westerlies

A

Westerlies are surface winds that blow from 30 (Degrees Celsius) north towards the North Pole or from 30 (Degrees Celsius) south out towards the South Pole

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11
Q

What does the global atmospheric circulation model show

A

The global atmospheric circulation model describes how air circulates between low and high-pressure belts as a result of differing conditions at different latitudes

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12
Q

How is the Earth’s SURFACE heated

A

The Earth’s surface is warmed by the Sun at the equator

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13
Q

T/F At the North Pole and the South Pole, cool air will sink, forming a high-pressure belt

A

True

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14
Q

What kind of air rises?

A

Hot air

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15
Q

How are ocean currents formed

A

Deep ocean currents are caused by differences in water density

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16
Q

What causes surface currents

A

Wind

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17
Q

Where do surface currents carry heat from and to

A

Surface currents transfer heat from the equator to cooler regions

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18
Q

How are dry and wet regions of the world determined

A

They are determined by the pressure belts that the global atmospheric system creates

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19
Q

Which circulation cell causes air to rise

A

The Hadley Cells

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20
Q

Which 2 circulation cells cause air to sink when they meet

A

Ferrel and Hadley Circulation Cells

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21
Q

T/F High pressure belt leads to high rainfall

A

False, It leads to low rainfall

22
Q

What is the name of the circulation system that causes deep ocean currents?

A

Thermohaline Circulation

23
Q

How does air pressure affect wind direction?

A

Winds move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas

24
Q

At what latitude does cool air sink?

A

30 Degrees North and South

25
Q

What do we call surface winds that blow in the direction of the equator?

A

Trade winds

26
Q

What direction do trade winds blow in the southern hemisphere?

A

From the south-east

27
Q

At what latitude does cold air from the poles meet the warm surface winds, causing the warmer air to rise and forms a low-pressure belt?

A

60 Degrees

28
Q

How many cycles of climate change are there

A

3

29
Q

What is the name of the most recent geological period that spans from 2.6 million years ago to the present day?

A

Quaternary Period

30
Q

What can old plant pollen be preserved in?

A

Sediment

31
Q

What are the 4 Natural Causes of Climate Change

A

Orbital Changes, Volcanic Activity, Solar Output, Asteroid Collisions

32
Q

How many layers of ice form on the top of ice sheets each year?

A

1

33
Q

What are Orbital Changes

A

Orbital Changes are variations in the way that Earth moves round the sun

34
Q

What are the 3 cycles of Orbital Changes

A

Eccentricity (Stretch), Tilt, Precession (Wobble)

35
Q

T/F If the Earth receives more energy from Solar Radiation, it will get colder

A

False, it’ll get warmer

36
Q

T/F Orbital Changes may have caused the glacial and inter-glacial cycles of the Quaternary period

A

True

37
Q

Name 1 material that major volcanic eruptions eject

A

Ash

38
Q

What is the relation between the Earth’s temperature and Volcanic Eruption

A

The particles from the material of eruptions reflect the Sun’s rays back to space, which cools the Earth’s surface

39
Q

What was the ‘Maunder Minimum’

A

The ‘Maunder Minimum was a period of reduced solar activity between 1645 and 1715

40
Q

T/F Asteroids hitting the Earth’s surface can throw large amounts of dust into the atmosphere

A

True

41
Q

What was the ‘Younger Dryas’

A

The ‘Younger Dryas’ was a period of global cooling caused by an asteroid collision around 12,000 years ago

42
Q

What are the 3 main methods scientists use to work out Natural Climate Change

A

Tree Rings, Ice Cores, Historical Records

43
Q

On a normal tree how many rings are produces in a tree within their trunks annually

A

1 ring

44
Q

What does the thickness of the ring in a tree depend on

A

The climate

45
Q

T/F When it is warmer, the rings on the inside of a tree is thinner

A

False, it is thicker

46
Q

What are Ice Sheets made of

A

Ice Sheets are made of layers of ice

47
Q

How do scientists get long cores of ice

A

They drill into the ice sheets

48
Q

How can scientists tell the temperature using ice sheets

A

They analyse the gases trapped in the layers of ice

49
Q

What is cement made from?

A

Limestone

50
Q

Name 2 factors that are increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

Energy, Transport

51
Q

What happens as a result of melting ice?

A

Sea levels rise

52
Q

Near the equator, which direction do tropical cyclones tend to move?

A

West

GCSE - Geography (3 decks)

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