Topic 1 - Hazardous Earth

Question 1

What are winds?

Answer 1

The wind is the movement of air on a large scale. The air is made up of gases

Question 2

What causes winds?

Answer 2

Differences in air pressure cause winds

Question 3

How does air pressure affect winds?

Answer 3

Winds move from high-pressure areas of the Earth to lower-pressure areas of the Earth

Question 4

What are the 3 global atmospheric circulation cells called

Answer 4

Hadley, Ferrell, Polar

Question 5

Name 2 properties of Wind

Answer 5

Wind is caused by difference in air pressure, Moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas

Question 6

T/F At 30 (Degrees Celsius) north and south, the air from the equator cools and falls

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are Trade Winds

Answer 7

Trade winds are surface winds that blow from 30 (Degrees Celsius) north or 30 (Degrees Celsius) south back towards the equator

Question 8

Where do Trade winds from the northern & southern hemisphere meet

Answer 8

They meet at the equator

Question 9

What happens after the Trade winds meet

Answer 9

They meet, heat up and the cycle rebegins

Question 10

What are Westerlies

Answer 10

Westerlies are surface winds that blow from 30 (Degrees Celsius) north towards the North Pole or from 30 (Degrees Celsius) south out towards the South Pole

Question 11

What does the global atmospheric circulation model show

Answer 11

The global atmospheric circulation model describes how air circulates between low and high-pressure belts as a result of differing conditions at different latitudes

Question 12

How is the Earth’s SURFACE heated

Answer 12

The Earth’s surface is warmed by the Sun at the equator

Question 13

T/F At the North Pole and the South Pole, cool air will sink, forming a high-pressure belt

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What kind of air rises?

Answer 14

Hot air

Question 15

How are ocean currents formed

Answer 15

Deep ocean currents are caused by differences in water density

Question 16

What causes surface currents

Answer 16

Wind

Question 17

Where do surface currents carry heat from and to

Answer 17

Surface currents transfer heat from the equator to cooler regions

Question 18

How are dry and wet regions of the world determined

Answer 18

They are determined by the pressure belts that the global atmospheric system creates

Question 19

Which circulation cell causes air to rise

Answer 19

The Hadley Cells

Question 20

Which 2 circulation cells cause air to sink when they meet

Answer 20

Ferrel and Hadley Circulation Cells

Question 21

T/F High pressure belt leads to high rainfall

Answer 21

False, It leads to low rainfall

Question 22

What is the name of the circulation system that causes deep ocean currents?

Answer 22

Thermohaline Circulation

Question 23

How does air pressure affect wind direction?

Answer 23

Winds move from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas

Question 24

At what latitude does cool air sink?

Answer 24

30 Degrees North and South

Question 25

What do we call surface winds that blow in the direction of the equator?

Answer 25

Trade winds

Question 26

What direction do trade winds blow in the southern hemisphere?

Answer 26

From the south-east

Question 27

At what latitude does cold air from the poles meet the warm surface winds, causing the warmer air to rise and forms a low-pressure belt?

Answer 27

60 Degrees

Question 28

How many cycles of climate change are there

Answer 28

3

Question 29

What is the name of the most recent geological period that spans from 2.6 million years ago to the present day?

Answer 29

Quaternary Period

Question 30

What can old plant pollen be preserved in?

Answer 30

Sediment

Question 31

What are the 4 Natural Causes of Climate Change

Answer 31

Orbital Changes, Volcanic Activity, Solar Output, Asteroid Collisions

Question 32

How many layers of ice form on the top of ice sheets each year?

Answer 32

1

Question 33

What are Orbital Changes

Answer 33

Orbital Changes are variations in the way that Earth moves round the sun

Question 34

What are the 3 cycles of Orbital Changes

Answer 34

Eccentricity (Stretch), Tilt, Precession (Wobble)

Question 35

T/F If the Earth receives more energy from Solar Radiation, it will get colder

Answer 35

False, it'll get warmer

Question 36

T/F Orbital Changes may have caused the glacial and inter-glacial cycles of the Quaternary period

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Name 1 material that major volcanic eruptions eject

Answer 37

Ash

Question 38

What is the relation between the Earth's temperature and Volcanic Eruption

Answer 38

The particles from the material of eruptions reflect the Sun's rays back to space, which cools the Earth's surface

Question 39

What was the 'Maunder Minimum'

Answer 39

The 'Maunder Minimum was a period of reduced solar activity between 1645 and 1715

Question 40

T/F Asteroids hitting the Earth's surface can throw large amounts of dust into the atmosphere

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What was the 'Younger Dryas'

Answer 41

The 'Younger Dryas' was a period of global cooling caused by an asteroid collision around 12,000 years ago

Question 42

What are the 3 main methods scientists use to work out Natural Climate Change

Answer 42

Tree Rings, Ice Cores, Historical Records

Question 43

On a normal tree how many rings are produces in a tree within their trunks annually

Answer 43

1 ring

Question 44

What does the thickness of the ring in a tree depend on

Answer 44

The climate

Question 45

T/F When it is warmer, the rings on the inside of a tree is thinner

Answer 45

False, it is thicker

Question 46

What are Ice Sheets made of

Answer 46

Ice Sheets are made of layers of ice

Question 47

How do scientists get long cores of ice

Answer 47

They drill into the ice sheets

Question 48

How can scientists tell the temperature using ice sheets

Answer 48

They analyse the gases trapped in the layers of ice

Question 49

What is cement made from?

Answer 49

Limestone

Question 50

Name 2 factors that are increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 50

Energy, Transport

Question 51

What happens as a result of melting ice?

Answer 51

Sea levels rise

Question 52

Near the equator, which direction do tropical cyclones tend to move?

Answer 52

West