Topic 4: Types of Immunity Flashcards
What is passive immunity?
when a person is given antibodies from another source , has no memory and is short lived
what is active immunity
antibodies and memory cells are made by the person resulting in long-term immunity
Explain and example of Active,Natural Immunity
- B and T cell memory
- antibodies are made
- sick and recover
Example: you get a common cold, get sick, and then recover
Explain and example of Active, Artificial Immunity
- B and T cell memory
- injected by a vaccine containing weakened or dead pathogen
Example: COVID-19 Vaccine
Explain and example of Passive, Natural Immunity:
- No memory cells are made
- antibodies are shared from another source
Example: Mother to Child
Placenta, Breastmilk
Explain and example of Passive, Artificial:
No memory
- Antibodies are shared from another source
Example: Cancer patients getting antibodies to fight
What is Herd Immunity?
The protection from infection provided when most of a population is immune
when over 85% of people are vaccinated, the disease cant spread
Benefits of Herd Immunity
- protects the vulnerable people who cant be vaccinated (get protection from their community)
similarities of being infected by a pathogen and being vaccinated against a pathogen?
they will both activate the adaptive immune system to produce memory cells
difference of being infected by a pathogen and being vaccinated against a pathogen?
- natural vs artificial
- one involves an active pathogen inside of you whereas the vaccination is weakened or dead parts of a pathogen injected.
Describe the most common side effects of vaccines.
Can produce temperature and mild
illness
How does vaccination protect vulnerable people in a population?
it reduces the number or avalible hosts in the community who will be able to spread the pathogen.
Give three examples of
people who are vulnerable.
elderly, very young children, cancer patients
How is vaccination rate related to herd immunity?
The higher the vaccination rate, the better herd immunity that is achieved as if we vaccinate 80 - 85% of the population we can achieve herd immunity.
Why is a new disease like COVID-19 likely to spread quickly? Relate this to vaccination and herd immunity.
COVID-19 was a new disease, and there were no individuals who had a memory of the antigen so there were many available hosts for the pathogen to spread quickly in the population.
