Topic 4: Types of Family Diversity Flashcards
social class
Crompton study
prom(luxury)
family ensure the process of what Marxists refer to as class reproduction. This is the idea that most children will follow their parents into a similar class position in society. wealthy parents
;pass on money
family businesses or other financial assets
invest in education, such as by paying for private education or assisting
with paying for university fees.
Bourdieu study
-middle-class parents often have ‘cultural capital’ - forms of
knowledge and skills that give individuals an advantage in society.
-fit in better in the higher levels of society.
Diane Reay study
working class mothers had less cultural capital and were therefore less able to demand
extra help or information from the education system in the way middle class mothers do, thus
putting them at a disadvantage.
Differences in parenting - Gillies (billy )
-survey of around 1000 parents
1. Resources and skills: interest in the development of social skills and success in education . help their children develop strategies to cope with poverty, emotional strength to deal with the injustice and hardship they faced in their lives.
2. Attitudes to individuality: seeing their own children as outstanding and exceptional . did not want their children to be seen as special often more concerned that they should stay out of trouble.
3. Professionals and experts: confidencecompared to a reluctance to have their children clinically diagnosed with aproblme
Differences in resources and money study
-Katz and his colleagues
-stress of living in poverty may make it more difficult for parents living in poverty to bring up their
children effectively. However, they also point out that there is equally good evidence to show that
most parents living in poverty are remarkably resilient and possess strong coping skills
South Asian families
Structural differences: X2
Male-centred, multi-generational nuclear families: (Ballard lard )tended to bring the traditions of family life from their countries of origin.
Marriage, divorce and cohabitation: Research by Richard Berthoud-in many ways more traditional in terms of structure than white groups, couples are:
-more likely to marry
- marry earlier
- less likely to cohabit, divorce or live alone.
Cultural/value based differences:
south asian study by Ballard
-More traditional gender roles–men being the main wage-earners and women focusing mainly on work in the domestic sphere
-strong sense of obligation towards other family members,
-family honour izzat, whereby the behaviour of individuals reflects on the family as a whole
-a preference for marriages to be arranged or at least approved by parents,
Cultural/value based differences:
south asian/black Caribbean study
the law of give and take
-Attitudes to the elderly: Lawrence and her colleagues
-The majority of the south Asian sample held a traditional caregiver ideology
- Half of the Black Caribbean sample held a traditional caregiver ideology
Caregiving is viewed as expected, natural and virtuous.compared toLife is viewed as ‘on hold’
Sustained sense of reciprocity (mutual give and take) in relationship
Caribbean families, Structural differences
smiths study (metal job, endurance )
Matrifocal families:
mother’ is usually the leader of the group, and [if the father is present] conversely the
husband-father is usually marginal to the complex internal relationships of the group.”
While cohabitation has become more acceptable in the British white population in recent
decades, this was a norm for years before
Caribbean families, Structural differences
Berthoud and Sharon Beishon study
(how values impact strcture)
lower rates of formal marriage among British African-Caribbeans
higher rates of divorce and separation.
-lone-parent families are more common
-while rates of employment are higher reflecting a tradition of female
independence in the black community.
Cultural/Value based differences
Caribbean families
reynolds (reign)
Less traditional gender roles: Tracey Reynolds
-centrality of females as heads of households
-an essential aspect of Caribbean women’s identity since slavery has been that of labourers.
Cultural/Value based differences
Caribbean families
Berthoud
Modern Individualism:Berthoud,
characterised more by freedom of choice (modern individualism), than their South-Asian
counterparts.
Sexuality and family diversity
Differences in children and parenting
x2
Children who are more tolerant and value equality: Dunned (dull)
do not have to resist stereotypes about gender differences – they simply do
not apply.
Children who are less gender conformist: Timothy Biblarz and Judith Stacey
For example, boys raised by lesbians appear to be less aggressive and more nurturing than boys raised in heterosexual families.– their preferences for their children’s play were gender neutral.
Sexuality and family diversity
Differences in equality in the domestic division of labour between partners
The British Social Attitudes Survey:
that men spend an average of eight hours a week
, while women spend an average of thirteen hours.
-rely on respondents. overestimation and underestimation.
Sexuality and family diversity
The Families and Work Institute: Same-sex couples:
A newly released USA
survey
assign various chores based on personal
preference, while straight couples tend to slip back into traditional gender roles,
