Topic 4 - The UK's Evolving Physical Landscape (Rocks and the UK Physical Landscape)

Question 1

Name the three types of rock:

Answer 1

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

Question 2

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 2

Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) from the mantle cools down and hardens.

Question 3

Name 3 characteristics of igneous rocks:

Answer 3

1) The rock forms crystals as it cools

2) Igneous rocks are usually hard e.g. granite

3) They are often impermeable

Question 4

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 4

Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted together until they become solid rock.

Question 5

Describe the 2 main types of sedimentary rock in the UK.

Answer 5

1) Carboniferous limestone and chalk are formed from tiny shells and skeletons of dead sea creatures. Limestone is quite hard, but chalk is a much softer rock.

2) Clays and shales are made from mud and clay minerals. They are very soft.

Question 6

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 6

Metamorphic rocks are formed when other rocks (igneous, sedimentary or older metamorphic rocks) are changed by heat and pressure. The new rocks become harder and more compact, e.g. shale becomes slate and, with further pressure and heat, slate becomes schist.