Topic 4: The UK’s evolving physical landscape

Question 1

Rock types - What are the location, features and characteristics of Sedimentary Rock?

Answer 1

Made from grains or ex-living things. After being eroded and transported, they are deposited. Sedimentary rocks are porous and permeable.
Location - Younger is formed around London and Older is formed in Nottingham.

Question 2

Rock types - What are the location, features, and characteristics of Igneous Rock?

Answer 2

•formed from magma and lava (molten rock) cooling and becoming solid.
•can be made below surface as intrusive rocks or above as extrusive rocks.
•largely impermeable.
Location - Mostly found in Scotland, parts of Ireland and in South West England (including dartmoor)

Question 3

Rock types - What are the location, features, and characteristics of Metamorphic Rock?

Answer 3

•Metamorphic rocks are usually hard.
•They may contain tiny crystals
•Igneous and sedimentary rocks beneath the surface can be subject to intense heat and pressure which can change them into metamorphic rocks.
•Metamorphic rocks were once either igneous or sedimentary.
Location - main part of Scotland and most of wales

Question 4

What is a sedimentary rock like and how is it formed?

Answer 4

Crumbly, porous, and formed by layers of minerals deposited on the seabed, then squashed together to form rock.

Question 5

What is an igneous rock like and how is it formed?

Answer 5

Very hard, contains crystals and formed by magma cooling and forming rock.

Question 6

What is a metamorphic rock like and how is it formed?

Answer 6

really hard, contains crystals - these rocks used to be sedimentary or igneous. formed under intense heat and pressure under ground.

Question 7

What are some examples of sedimentary rock?

Answer 7

Limestone, sandstone

Question 8

What are some examples of igneous rock?

Answer 8

Granite, basalt

Question 9

What are some examples of metamorphic rock?

Answer 9

Marble, serpentine

Question 10

Remember exam-style structure

Answer 10

(1 mark) One sentence - make a statement and keep it simple.
(2 marks) Make one point and expand on it / extend it / explain it once.
(3 marks) Make one point and expand on it twice.

Question 11

What does topography mean?

Answer 11

The shape and height of the land. - Can also be described as relief.

Question 12

Describe the relief of the UK (4 marks) - review

Answer 12

The relief of Britain varies from lowland in the South East and central England, where you will find the land is largely between 50 and 100 metres above sea level.​

However, the landscape (relief) gets higher as you go North (North West). The mountain areas cover all of Wales, Scotland and Northern England. Some of the highest areas in Scotland are over 600 metres above sea level.

Question 13

Why does the relief in the UK vary? - Upland

Answer 13

Upland areas in the north and west are high and generally hilly because they are HARD rock.

Question 14

What does that mean?

Answer 14

This means they are more erosion resistant, either metamorphic or igneous. They get higher the further north you travel.

Question 15

Why does the relief in the UK vary? - Upland (2)

Answer 15

Many upland areas have been created due to plate tectonics.

Question 16

Why does the relief in the UK vary? - Lowland

Answer 16

The lowland areas of south and southeast England are low and flatter.

Question 17

Why is the relief in the lowland like this?

Answer 17

This is because the rocks erode easily because they are generally younger, softer sedimentary. Being younger it is less compacted and less cemented together.

Question 18

What are some examples of upland areas?

Answer 18

Scotland - The Northwest Highlands
England - Lake District, Dartmoor
Wales - Snowdonia and the Brecon Beacons

Question 19

What are some examples of lowland areas?

Answer 19

South East England, including London basin and North and South Downs.

Question 20

List some positives of agriculture.

Answer 20

The income generated from farming supports the local economy; agricultural businesses account for approximately 6% of the employment structure in the park.

Question 21

List some positives of agriculture. (2)

Answer 21

The formation of hedgerows and field margins has provided wildlife corridors for bats.

Question 22

List some negatives of agriculture.

Answer 22

The decline of traditional practices such as extensive sheep grazing has led to scrub encroachment on the remaining chalk grassland.

Question 23

List another negative of agriculture

Answer 23

There has been a significant decline in chalk grassland due to the use of chemicals in farming.

Question 24

List some positives of forestry

Answer 24

Arable farming has contributed towards supporting rare bird species on the Downs, which include the corn bunting, grey partridge, skylark, and stone curlew.

Question 25

List another positive of forestry

Answer 25

The timber harvested from the National Park woodland is a valuable sustainable product, with growing markets in construction and fuel for heating.

Question 26

8 mark exam structure

Answer 26

Introduction - key definitions and show clear understanding, outline your arguments.

2. Positives of one side of the argument
3. Negatives of one side of the argument
4. Conclusion - tie up argument + give definitive evaluation.

Question 27

What is weathering?

Answer 27

Breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on earth’s surface.

Question 28

What are some landscapes you can find in the UK?

Answer 28

Dartmoor, North Yorks, North/South Downs