Topic 4 - Social Welfare Flashcards
What Forces Millions into the Cities
- The end of the Civil War
- Food Shortages
What’s the Housing Situation like in 1917?
Poor - There’s not enough houses in the cities for the millions who have flocked into them
How many ppl are unemployed in 1926
Over a million
What did the NEP provide to Skilled workers ?
Job Security
Typhus in 1918 - 20 kills how many?
How does Lenin Combat this?
- 6m
- Lenin sets up a Campaign: “Either lice kills Socialism or Socialism kills lice”
Soviet Full Employment in What Year?
And how does it come about?
1930
- Rapid Industrialisation of first 5YP
- Excessive Targets set by govt forces factories to use all labour force possible
4 Negative Impacts of Full Employment?
1) Divisions in Workplace; Ppl who had already been working there and the loads who come into the factories
2) Productivity low so managers use long shifts
3) Restrictions on workers changing jobs - Absenteeism becomes a criminal offence in 1939
4) Strain on Housing - ppl sleep in tents or in factories
In 1936, what % of houses had more than one room?
Just 6%
WW2 IMPACT:
How much of Stalingrad is destroyed?
How much housing does Leningrad lose?
- 90%
- 1/3
Number of Doctors?
Number of Hospital Beds?
- 1928, 70,000, 1940, 155,000
- 1928, 247,000, 1939, 791,000
What was the Nomenklatura System?
State is the employer of the population - party responsible for appointments in all economic enterprise
3 things that Khrushchev does that help the worker
1) Pension Scheme expanded and retierement age lowered
2) Minimum wage in 1956
3) Working Week reduced - 48hours, 41 hours
Housing under Khrushchev
Quick and cheap ends up looking drap and unfinished but improves significantly under k
Wages rose by ? Between 1967 - 77
50%
What was an important feature of Social Stability?
The limited gap between the highest paid and the lowest paid workers
By what decade did the number of Females attending higher education match that of males?
By the 1980s
What does Brezhnev want the Soviet Population to Experience?
The Stability of Developed Socialism
What is the Zhenotdel?
When was it subsequently shut down
The Women’s branch of the Communist Party established by the Bolshevik party
In 1930 under Stalin
When was the law for equal men and women pay
December 1917
When were postcode divorces legalised
1926
What did the Soviet Constitution declare?
Drafted in 1918, it declared women and men equal
How many Women fought in the Red Army during the Civil War?
Over 70k
Increase in Number of female workers?
Why?
1928, 3m — 1940, 13m
Collectivisation relied heavily on women labour
Work was now a socialist duty
During WW2, many able-bodied men conscripted and leave work to women
How much education had the average child had in 1926
2.77 years
