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TM129: Operating systems > Topic 4 - Shells > Flashcards

Topic 4 - Shells Flashcards

1
Q

what is a

shell

A

this is what allows a user to interact with the operating system and perform actions such as loading and executing additional programs. This can be either CLI or GUI based

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2
Q

this is what allows a user to interact with the operating system and perform actions such as loading and executing additional programs. This can be either CLI or GUI based

A

what is a

shell

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3
Q

what are the rues / format when

passing arguments to a linux command

A

the rules / format for this are:

zero, one, or more arguments can be given to the command, but where more than one argument is given, the order is significant

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4
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

date

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal

this is Used to view the current, past or future date and allows setting a date

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5
Q

what type of programmes are likely to be

part of a desktop environment

A

these will most likely come with

utility programmes

allowing for configuration of this or enabling simple tasks such as word processing

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6
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Help command

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about built in commands within the interpreter (can be limited so best to start with the man pages)

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7
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will search the man pages for the given keyword. This is a useful command if you know the functionality you require but don’t know the command or cant remember the exact name of the command

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Apropos keyword

into a linux terminal

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8
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

History number of command in a history list

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will select that command from the history list

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9
Q

in a linux terminal:

this gives detailed written description about the given command (use tab key to jump between content)

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Info command

into a linux terminal

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10
Q

what does this linux hotkey achieve

Ctrl + alt + t

A

in linux this will open a terminal window

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11
Q

in terms of the shell and the operating system

what 2 things does the shell provide

A
  1. It provides the outer layer of the operating system
  2. It provides the environment in which programs will run. For example opening a shell in two different directories gives the shells separate environments of which they keep track off
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12
Q

where does the

terminal shell

of an operating system get its name from

A

this gets its name from the early days of computers. Back then a terminal was a keyboard and a printer although later versions used a screen. A terminal was ‘dumb’ it did no processing instead it was connected to a mainframe computer by a serial cable and the mainframe did all the processing

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13
Q

this was a terminal connected to a mainframe computer and could receive system error messages

today the term is still used in a commmon way and we use this term to describe the window that outputs messages from our programme to this

A

what is a

console

and how is term used today

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14
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Cal month year

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this is Used to display a calender

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15
Q

what are the 4 rules / format for

using options with a linux command

A

the rules / format of this are:

  • options are flagged with a hyphen
  • options are single letters
  • several options can be combined
  • they can be given in any order.
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16
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Apropos keyword

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will search the man pages for the given keyword. This is a useful command if you know the functionality you require but don’t know the command or cant remember the exact name of the command

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1
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17
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

ls -t

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will request that the contents of the directory are output is in date order

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18
Q

what 2 features does the tab key offer in a linux terminal

A

Pressing tab key once offers tab completion

Pressing tab key again will show a list of commands that are relevant to what you have already typed

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19
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Whoami

into a linux or windows terminal

A

in a windows or linux terminal:

this will Display the user name of the currently logged in user

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20
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will select that command from the history list

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

History number of command in a history list

into a linux terminal

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21
Q

this gets its name from the early days of computers. Back then a terminal was a keyboard and a printer although later versions used a screen. A terminal was ‘dumb’ it did no processing instead it was connected to a mainframe computer by a serial cable and the mainframe did all the processing

A

where does the

terminal shell

of an operating system get its name from

22
Q

in a linux terminal

this is Used to view the current, past or future date and allows setting a date

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

date

into a linux terminal

23
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Command –help

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about the given command

24
Q

This is a GUI shell offered by an operating system that tries to mimic an actual desktop, such as allowing the movement and overlapping of documents.

A

what is a

desktop environment

25
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

ls -l

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this will produces a detailed list about directories and files within the directory

26
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Man command

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this opens up the user manual page for the given command

27
Q
  1. The shell identifies the location of the file to be ran
  2. The operating system will take different actions for loading and running the file depending on the files contents

A compiled file containing machine code

  1. The operating system allocates memory for the file
  2. The contents of the file is loaded into memory
  3. The operating system creates a new process for the program
  4. The operating system starts the execution of the program

A source file written in plain text such as a script containing OS instructions or a python file

  1. The operating system hands control to the appropriate interpreter
  2. The interpreter reads and executes each of the commands within the file
A

give an overview of the steps involved

when a program is loaded and ran

and the

2 options that the operating system can take depending on the contents of the file

28
Q

give an overview of the steps involved

when a program is loaded and ran

and the

2 options that the operating system can take depending on the contents of the file

A
  1. The shell identifies the location of the file to be ran
  2. The operating system will take different actions for loading and running the file depending on the files contents

A compiled file containing machine code

  1. The operating system allocates memory for the file
  2. The contents of the file is loaded into memory
  3. The operating system creates a new process for the program
  4. The operating system starts the execution of the program

A source file written in plain text such as a script containing OS instructions or a python file

  1. The operating system hands control to the appropriate interpreter
  2. The interpreter reads and executes each of the commands within the file
29
Q

in a linux terminal:

this is Used to display a calender

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Cal month year

into a linux terminal

30
Q

in linux this will open a terminal window

A

what does this linux hotkey achieve

Ctrl + alt + t

31
Q
  1. It provides the outer layer of the operating system
  2. It provides the environment in which programs will run. For example opening a shell in two different directories gives the shells separate environments of which they keep track off
A

in terms of the shell and the operating system

what 2 things does the shell provide

32
Q

in linux this will:

used with an open terminal will open a new terminal

A

what does this linux hotkey achieve

Ctrl + shift + n

33
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Whatis command

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this searches the man pages and gives a one line description of what the given command is

34
Q

in a linux terminal:

this opens up the user manual page for the given command

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Man command

into a linux terminal

35
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about the given command

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Command –help

into a linux terminal

36
Q

the rules / format of this are:

  • options are flagged with a hyphen
  • options are single letters
  • several options can be combined
  • they can be given in any order.
A

what are the 4 rules / format for

using options with a linux command

37
Q

Pressing tab key once offers tab completion

Pressing tab key again will show a list of commands that are relevant to what you have already typed

A

what 2 features does the tab key offer in a linux terminal

38
Q

in a windows or linux terminal:

this will Display the user name of the currently logged in user

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Whoami

into a linux or windows terminal

39
Q

these will most likely come with

utility programmes

allowing for configuration of this or enabling simple tasks such as word processing

A

what type of programmes are likely to be

part of a desktop environment

40
Q

in terms of the user this allows / provides:

  1. Move, close and resize windows
  2. Keep track of open applications via a task bar
  3. Provides a clipboard so data can be copied seamlessly across different applications
  4. Provides icons and buttons
A

name 4 things that

a desktop environment allows / provides for the user

41
Q

name 4 things that

a desktop environment allows / provides for the user

A

in terms of the user this allows / provides:

  1. Move, close and resize windows
  2. Keep track of open applications via a task bar
  3. Provides a clipboard so data can be copied seamlessly across different applications
  4. Provides icons and buttons
42
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will produces a detailed list about directories and files within the directory

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

ls -l

into a linux terminal

43
Q

the rules / format for this are:

zero, one, or more arguments can be given to the command, but where more than one argument is given, the order is significant

A

what are the rues / format when

passing arguments to a linux command

44
Q

what is a

console

and how is term used today

A

this was a terminal connected to a mainframe computer and could receive system error messages

today the term is still used in a commmon way and we use this term to describe the window that outputs messages from our programme to this

45
Q

what is a

desktop environment

A

This is a GUI shell offered by an operating system that tries to mimic an actual desktop, such as allowing the movement and overlapping of documents.

46
Q

what does this linux hotkey achieve

Ctrl + shift + n

A

in linux this will:

used with an open terminal will open a new terminal

47
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will request that the contents of the directory are output is in date order

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

ls -t

into a linux terminal

48
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

History

into a linux or windows terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this is Used to view a list of previously executed commands

49
Q

what is the outcome of typing the command

Info command

into a linux terminal

A

in a linux terminal:

this gives detailed written description about the given command (use tab key to jump between content)

50
Q

in a linux terminal:

this searches the man pages and gives a one line description of what the given command is

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Whatis command

into a linux terminal

51
Q

in a linux terminal:

this is Used to view a list of previously executed commands

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

History

into a linux or windows terminal

52
Q

in a linux terminal:

this will display information about built in commands within the interpreter (can be limited so best to start with the man pages)

A

what is the outcome of typing the command

Help command

into a linux terminal

TM129: Operating systems (19 decks)

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