Topic 19 – The operating system zoo Flashcards
disadvantages include:
- This is a slow method for communicating and is not suited to all types of processing especially if data must be repeatedly communicated to complete the task
- Total processing power can fall and drop as users join and leave the task or computer processes start and end
name 2 disadvantages of:
Distributed systems
In this setup there will be two or more independent computers that have there own OS and hardware such as processor memory and storage
these will have middleware installed on them known as a node
by communicating with the nodes you can take advantage of all of the computers within the clusters to achieve a task and control the cluster as if it were a single system
describe a
cluster
this is mainly found on personal computers
it is implemented as multiple cores inside a single processor, each core will have its own cache and the cores can communicate with each other using a memory bus built inside the processor
describe
multicore processing
describe the structure of a
monolithic kernel vs microkernel
describe the
Graphics processing unit (GPU)
this is a dedicated processor that is used to render images.
It carries out its work in a parralell fashion as each frame can be calculated independently.
When a frame is being rendered by this it is calculating for example the colour and brightness of every pixel.
these have become useful in other areas aswell for applications such as bitcoin mining and neural networks.
advanatges include:
- Processing power from idle computers can be harnessed via the internet using volunteers or by paying participants
name an advantage of
Distributed systems
typically found on server hardware
this features processors that are independent of each other, again each one will have access to its own cache,
within this sytem the operating system must handle carefully how the execution process is carried out since all processors will be competing for the system resources
describe
multiprocessor processing
give a definition for the term
Distributed systems
a parallel processing method used to increase processing power by utilising the spare processing power of network connected computers
describe a
hard Real Time System (RTS)
this is a system that must compute an answer within a given time period. Failing to do so means that the system has failed
within this system an answer for a computation should be given before a time period however not meeting this limit does not necessarily mean the system has failed as long as it can still serve its purpose
describe a
soft Real Time System (RTS)
these strive for:
- Robustness - these types of systems should be able to run for years without any problems. It is inherent that updating these systems may not be practical and so they must be built to last
- Efficiency - these systems are typically used on low spec hardware in order to keep costs low so the OS and software must be lightweight and must be able use resources as efficiently as possible
what are two
key criterias that embedded systems strive for
describe a
cluster
In this setup there will be two or more independent computers that have there own OS and hardware such as processor memory and storage
these will have middleware installed on them known as a node
by communicating with the nodes you can take advantage of all of the computers within the clusters to achieve a task and control the cluster as if it were a single system
points for this include
- structure - All OS modules exist within the kernel and operate in the processors kernel mode
- code in kernel - A kernel can contain millions of lines of code
- communication between modules - OS modules can interact directly with each other
- robustness - Failure in one module or a rouge device driver can cause havoc on the system and ultimately crash it
- performance - This design has great performance since all modules run in kernel mode context switching does not occur
using the points below give 5 points about a
monolithic kernel
- structure
- code in kernel
- communication between modules
- robustness
- performance
describe
multicore processing
this is mainly found on personal computers
it is implemented as multiple cores inside a single processor, each core will have its own cache and the cores can communicate with each other using a memory bus built inside the processor
describe a
soft Real Time System (RTS)
within this system an answer for a computation should be given before a time period however not meeting this limit does not necessarily mean the system has failed as long as it can still serve its purpose
a computer system that is used for time critical tasks. The ability to perform and complete tasks within a timed deadline defines this type of system
define the term
Real time systems (RTS)
using the points below give 5 points about a
monolithic kernel
- structure
- code in kernel
- communication between modules
- robustness
- performance
points for this include
- structure - All OS modules exist within the kernel and operate in the processors kernel mode
- code in kernel - A kernel can contain millions of lines of code
- communication between modules - OS modules can interact directly with each other
- robustness - Failure in one module or a rouge device driver can cause havoc on the system and ultimately crash it
- performance - This design has great performance since all modules run in kernel mode context switching does not occur
name 6 differences that can occur on all linux systems
the differences of this include:
- Packages used
- System utilities
- Applications
- Shells
- Desktop environment
- Windowing system
points for this include:
- structure - the kernel of the OS contains the bare minimum modules needed and all other OS modules will operate in the user mode of the processor
- code in kernel - A kernel may only be thousands of lines of code
- communication between modules - Since OS modules operate in user mode and kernel mode the OS modules operating in user mode must use system calls to communicate with other modules (inter-process communication)
- robustness - This design is more robust since failure in one module or a rouge device driver is self contained and does not affect other modules directly
- performance - This design suffers from lowered performance because of the overhead of system calls in order to communicate with other modules so context switching must occur
using the points below give 5 points about a
micro kernel
- structure
- code in kernel
- communication between modules
- robustness
- performance
these are designed so that they can perform a dedicated function. This could include controlling traffic lights or a factory machine
Typically these will have a low specification such as a small amount of memory and processing power and the operating system will be built to support the dedicated software and to use the resources as efficiently as it can
describe
embedded systems
this is a dedicated processor that is used to render images.
It carries out its work in a parralell fashion as each frame can be calculated independently.
When a frame is being rendered by this it is calculating for example the colour and brightness of every pixel.
these have become useful in other areas aswell for applications such as bitcoin mining and neural networks.
describe the
Graphics processing unit (GPU)
this is a system that must compute an answer within a given time period. Failing to do so means that the system has failed
describe a
hard Real Time System (RTS)
describe
embedded systems
these are designed so that they can perform a dedicated function. This could include controlling traffic lights or a factory machine
Typically these will have a low specification such as a small amount of memory and processing power and the operating system will be built to support the dedicated software and to use the resources as efficiently as it can
give a definition of an
operating system
this can be defined as software that runs in kernel mode on the processor and supports a number of system calls. It will also strive to achieve criteria such as:
- Multitasking
- Device independence
name an advantage of
Distributed systems
advanatges include:
- Processing power from idle computers can be harnessed via the internet using volunteers or by paying participants
describe
multiprocessor processing
typically found on server hardware
this features processors that are independent of each other, again each one will have access to its own cache,
within this sytem the operating system must handle carefully how the execution process is carried out since all processors will be competing for the system resources
what are two
key criterias that embedded systems strive for
these strive for:
- Robustness - these types of systems should be able to run for years without any problems. It is inherent that updating these systems may not be practical and so they must be built to last
- Efficiency - these systems are typically used on low spec hardware in order to keep costs low so the OS and software must be lightweight and must be able use resources as efficiently as possible
the differences of this include:
- Packages used
- System utilities
- Applications
- Shells
- Desktop environment
- Windowing system
name 6 differences that can occur on all linux systems
describe
Real time systems (RTS)
These are systems that are built with time as the critical metric upon which execution will take place. Within this system a time period should not be exceeded before an answer for a computation is given
this can be defined as software that runs in kernel mode on the processor and supports a number of system calls. It will also strive to achieve criteria such as:
- Multitasking
- Device independence
give a definition of an
operating system
what are the
two types of Real time systems (RTS)
the two types include:
- hard
- soft
using the points below give 5 points about a
micro kernel
- structure
- code in kernel
- communication between modules
- robustness
- performance
points for this include:
- structure - the kernel of the OS contains the bare minimum modules needed and all other OS modules will operate in the user mode of the processor
- code in kernel - A kernel may only be thousands of lines of code
- communication between modules - Since OS modules operate in user mode and kernel mode the OS modules operating in user mode must use system calls to communicate with other modules (inter-process communication)
- robustness - This design is more robust since failure in one module or a rouge device driver is self contained and does not affect other modules directly
- performance - This design suffers from lowered performance because of the overhead of system calls in order to communicate with other modules so context switching must occur
These are systems that are built with time as the critical metric upon which execution will take place. Within this system a time period should not be exceeded before an answer for a computation is given
describe
Real time systems (RTS)
define the term
Real time systems (RTS)
a computer system that is used for time critical tasks. The ability to perform and complete tasks within a timed deadline defines this type of system
give a definition for the term
embedded systems
an OS or software that is typically built to serve one function
name 2 disadvantages of:
Distributed systems
disadvantages include:
- This is a slow method for communicating and is not suited to all types of processing especially if data must be repeatedly communicated to complete the task
- Total processing power can fall and drop as users join and leave the task or computer processes start and end
describe the structure of a
monolithic kernel vs microkernel
the two types include:
- hard
- soft
what are the
two types of Real time systems (RTS)
a parallel processing method used to increase processing power by utilising the spare processing power of network connected computers
give a definition for the term
Distributed systems
an OS or software that is typically built to serve one function
give a definition for the term
embedded systems
