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TM129: Operating systems > Topic 19 – The operating system zoo > Flashcards

Topic 19 – The operating system zoo Flashcards

1
Q

disadvantages include:

  1. This is a slow method for communicating and is not suited to all types of processing especially if data must be repeatedly communicated to complete the task
  2. Total processing power can fall and drop as users join and leave the task or computer processes start and end
A

name 2 disadvantages of:

Distributed systems

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2
Q

In this setup there will be two or more independent computers that have there own OS and hardware such as processor memory and storage

these will have middleware installed on them known as a node

by communicating with the nodes you can take advantage of all of the computers within the clusters to achieve a task and control the cluster as if it were a single system

A

describe a

cluster

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3
Q

this is mainly found on personal computers

it is implemented as multiple cores inside a single processor, each core will have its own cache and the cores can communicate with each other using a memory bus built inside the processor

A

describe

multicore processing

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4
Q
A

describe the structure of a

monolithic kernel vs microkernel

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5
Q

describe the

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

A

this is a dedicated processor that is used to render images.

It carries out its work in a parralell fashion as each frame can be calculated independently.

When a frame is being rendered by this it is calculating for example the colour and brightness of every pixel.

these have become useful in other areas aswell for applications such as bitcoin mining and neural networks.

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6
Q

advanatges include:

  • Processing power from idle computers can be harnessed via the internet using volunteers or by paying participants
A

name an advantage of

Distributed systems

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7
Q

typically found on server hardware

this features processors that are independent of each other, again each one will have access to its own cache,

within this sytem the operating system must handle carefully how the execution process is carried out since all processors will be competing for the system resources

A

describe

multiprocessor processing

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8
Q

give a definition for the term

Distributed systems

A

a parallel processing method used to increase processing power by utilising the spare processing power of network connected computers

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9
Q

describe a

hard Real Time System (RTS)

A

this is a system that must compute an answer within a given time period. Failing to do so means that the system has failed

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10
Q

within this system an answer for a computation should be given before a time period however not meeting this limit does not necessarily mean the system has failed as long as it can still serve its purpose

A

describe a

soft Real Time System (RTS)

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11
Q

these strive for:

  1. Robustness - these types of systems should be able to run for years without any problems. It is inherent that updating these systems may not be practical and so they must be built to last
  2. Efficiency - these systems are typically used on low spec hardware in order to keep costs low so the OS and software must be lightweight and must be able use resources as efficiently as possible
A

what are two

key criterias that embedded systems strive for

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12
Q

describe a

cluster

A

In this setup there will be two or more independent computers that have there own OS and hardware such as processor memory and storage

these will have middleware installed on them known as a node

by communicating with the nodes you can take advantage of all of the computers within the clusters to achieve a task and control the cluster as if it were a single system

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13
Q

points for this include

  • structure - All OS modules exist within the kernel and operate in the processors kernel mode
  • code in kernel - A kernel can contain millions of lines of code
  • communication between modules - OS modules can interact directly with each other
  • robustness - Failure in one module or a rouge device driver can cause havoc on the system and ultimately crash it
  • performance - This design has great performance since all modules run in kernel mode context switching does not occur
A

using the points below give 5 points about a

monolithic kernel

  • structure
  • code in kernel
  • communication between modules
  • robustness
  • performance
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14
Q

describe

multicore processing

A

this is mainly found on personal computers

it is implemented as multiple cores inside a single processor, each core will have its own cache and the cores can communicate with each other using a memory bus built inside the processor

How well did you know this?
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15
Q

describe a

soft Real Time System (RTS)

A

within this system an answer for a computation should be given before a time period however not meeting this limit does not necessarily mean the system has failed as long as it can still serve its purpose

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16
Q

a computer system that is used for time critical tasks. The ability to perform and complete tasks within a timed deadline defines this type of system

A

define the term

Real time systems (RTS)

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17
Q

using the points below give 5 points about a

monolithic kernel

  • structure
  • code in kernel
  • communication between modules
  • robustness
  • performance
A

points for this include

  • structure - All OS modules exist within the kernel and operate in the processors kernel mode
  • code in kernel - A kernel can contain millions of lines of code
  • communication between modules - OS modules can interact directly with each other
  • robustness - Failure in one module or a rouge device driver can cause havoc on the system and ultimately crash it
  • performance - This design has great performance since all modules run in kernel mode context switching does not occur
18
Q

name 6 differences that can occur on all linux systems

A

the differences of this include:

  1. Packages used
  2. System utilities
  3. Applications
  4. Shells
  5. Desktop environment
  6. Windowing system
19
Q

points for this include:

  • structure - the kernel of the OS contains the bare minimum modules needed and all other OS modules will operate in the user mode of the processor
  • code in kernel - A kernel may only be thousands of lines of code
  • communication between modules - Since OS modules operate in user mode and kernel mode the OS modules operating in user mode must use system calls to communicate with other modules (inter-process communication)
  • robustness - This design is more robust since failure in one module or a rouge device driver is self contained and does not affect other modules directly
  • performance - This design suffers from lowered performance because of the overhead of system calls in order to communicate with other modules so context switching must occur
A

using the points below give 5 points about a

micro kernel

  • structure
  • code in kernel
  • communication between modules
  • robustness
  • performance
20
Q

these are designed so that they can perform a dedicated function. This could include controlling traffic lights or a factory machine

Typically these will have a low specification such as a small amount of memory and processing power and the operating system will be built to support the dedicated software and to use the resources as efficiently as it can

A

describe

embedded systems

21
Q

this is a dedicated processor that is used to render images.

It carries out its work in a parralell fashion as each frame can be calculated independently.

When a frame is being rendered by this it is calculating for example the colour and brightness of every pixel.

these have become useful in other areas aswell for applications such as bitcoin mining and neural networks.

A

describe the

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

22
Q

this is a system that must compute an answer within a given time period. Failing to do so means that the system has failed

A

describe a

hard Real Time System (RTS)

23
Q

describe

embedded systems

A

these are designed so that they can perform a dedicated function. This could include controlling traffic lights or a factory machine

Typically these will have a low specification such as a small amount of memory and processing power and the operating system will be built to support the dedicated software and to use the resources as efficiently as it can

24
Q

give a definition of an

operating system

A

this can be defined as software that runs in kernel mode on the processor and supports a number of system calls. It will also strive to achieve criteria such as:

  1. Multitasking
  2. Device independence
25
Q

name an advantage of

Distributed systems

A

advanatges include:

  • Processing power from idle computers can be harnessed via the internet using volunteers or by paying participants
26
Q

describe

multiprocessor processing

A

typically found on server hardware

this features processors that are independent of each other, again each one will have access to its own cache,

within this sytem the operating system must handle carefully how the execution process is carried out since all processors will be competing for the system resources

27
Q

what are two

key criterias that embedded systems strive for

A

these strive for:

  1. Robustness - these types of systems should be able to run for years without any problems. It is inherent that updating these systems may not be practical and so they must be built to last
  2. Efficiency - these systems are typically used on low spec hardware in order to keep costs low so the OS and software must be lightweight and must be able use resources as efficiently as possible
28
Q

the differences of this include:

  1. Packages used
  2. System utilities
  3. Applications
  4. Shells
  5. Desktop environment
  6. Windowing system
A

name 6 differences that can occur on all linux systems

29
Q

describe

Real time systems (RTS)

A

These are systems that are built with time as the critical metric upon which execution will take place. Within this system a time period should not be exceeded before an answer for a computation is given

30
Q

this can be defined as software that runs in kernel mode on the processor and supports a number of system calls. It will also strive to achieve criteria such as:

  1. Multitasking
  2. Device independence
A

give a definition of an

operating system

31
Q

what are the

two types of Real time systems (RTS)

A

the two types include:

  • hard
  • soft
32
Q

using the points below give 5 points about a

micro kernel

  • structure
  • code in kernel
  • communication between modules
  • robustness
  • performance
A

points for this include:

  • structure - the kernel of the OS contains the bare minimum modules needed and all other OS modules will operate in the user mode of the processor
  • code in kernel - A kernel may only be thousands of lines of code
  • communication between modules - Since OS modules operate in user mode and kernel mode the OS modules operating in user mode must use system calls to communicate with other modules (inter-process communication)
  • robustness - This design is more robust since failure in one module or a rouge device driver is self contained and does not affect other modules directly
  • performance - This design suffers from lowered performance because of the overhead of system calls in order to communicate with other modules so context switching must occur
33
Q

These are systems that are built with time as the critical metric upon which execution will take place. Within this system a time period should not be exceeded before an answer for a computation is given

A

describe

Real time systems (RTS)

34
Q

define the term

Real time systems (RTS)

A

a computer system that is used for time critical tasks. The ability to perform and complete tasks within a timed deadline defines this type of system

35
Q

give a definition for the term

embedded systems

A

an OS or software that is typically built to serve one function

36
Q

name 2 disadvantages of:

Distributed systems

A

disadvantages include:

  1. This is a slow method for communicating and is not suited to all types of processing especially if data must be repeatedly communicated to complete the task
  2. Total processing power can fall and drop as users join and leave the task or computer processes start and end
37
Q

describe the structure of a

monolithic kernel vs microkernel

A
38
Q

the two types include:

  • hard
  • soft
A

what are the

two types of Real time systems (RTS)

39
Q

a parallel processing method used to increase processing power by utilising the spare processing power of network connected computers

A

give a definition for the term

Distributed systems

40
Q

an OS or software that is typically built to serve one function

A

give a definition for the term

embedded systems

TM129: Operating systems (19 decks)

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