Topic 4: Oscillations and waves Flashcards
Describe examples of oscillations
- Mass moving between two horizontal springs
- Mass moving on a vertical spring
- Simple pendulum
- Buoy bouncing up and down in water
- An oscillating ruler as a result of one end being displaced while the other is fixed
Describe where the kinetic energy and potential energy store of a mass moving between two horizontal springs is.
Kinetic energy: Moving mass
Potential energy: Elastic potential energy in the springs
Describe where the kinetic energy and potential energy store of a mass moving on a vertical spring is.
Kinetic energy: Moving mass
Potential energy: Elastic potential energy in the springs and gravitational potential energy
Describe where the kinetic energy and potential energy store of a simple pendulum is.
Kinetic energy: Moving pendulum bob
Potential energy: Gravitational potential energy of bob
Describe where the kinetic energy and potential energy store of a buoy bouncing up and down in water is.
Kinetic energy: Moving buoy
Potential energy: Gravitational potential energy of buoy and water
Describe where the kinetic energy and potential energy store of an oscillating ruler as a result of one end being displaced while the other is fixed is.
Kinetic energy: Moving sections of the ruler
Potential energy: Elastic potential energy of the bent ruler
Define: displacement (in terms of SHM).
The instantaneous distance of the moving object from its mean position in a specified direction.
What is the standard index measurement for displacement?
metres, m
What is the symbol for displacement (in terms of SHM)?
x
Define: amplitude (in terms of SHM).
The maximum displacement from the mean position.
What is the standard index measurement for amplitude?
metres, m
What is the symbol for amplitude (in terms of SHM)?
A
Define: frequency (in terms of SHM).
The number of oscillations completed per unit time.
What is the standard index measurement for frequency?
number of cycles per second or Hertz, Hz
What is the symbol for frequency (in terms of SHM)?
f
What is the defining equation for frequency?
Where:
f is the frequency in Hz
T is the period in seconds
Define: period (in terms of SHM)
The time taken for one complete oscillation.
What is the standard index measurement for period?
seconds, s
What is the symbol for period (in terms of SHM)?
T
What is the defining equation for period (SHM)?
Where:
T is period in seconds
f is frequency in Hz
Define: phase difference
A measure of how in phase different particles are.
When are particles said to be in phase?
If they are moving together.
When are particles said to be out of phase?
If they are not moving together.
What is the standard index measurement for phase difference?
degrees, °
or
radians, rad

