topic 4 - metals and reactivity

Question 1

what does the reactivity series show

Answer 1

how easily metals are oxidised

Question 2

what two non-metals are included in the reactvitiy series

Answer 2

carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

metals at the top of the reactivity series (description)

Answer 3

are most reactive
lose electrons easily to form cations
oxidised easily

Question 4

metals at the bottom of the reactivity series (describe)

Answer 4

less reactive
don’t form cations as easily
more resistant to oxidation

Question 5

what is the reactivity series (LIST)

Answer 5

potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
CARBON
zinc
iron
HYDROGEN
copper
silver 
gold

Question 6

what metals are more reactive than carbon

Answer 6

potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium

Question 7

what metals are more reactive than hydrogen but less reactive than carbon

Answer 7

zinc

iron

Question 8

what metals are less reactive than hydrogen

Answer 8

copper
silver
gold

Question 9

to determine a metal’s position in the reactivity series

Answer 9

react it with water and dilute acids

Question 10

reacting metals with acids ( what you do, the three indications of more reactive metals )

Answer 10

place small pieces of a variety of metals in dilute hydrochloric acid

the more reactive the metal, the faster it will react with the metal
the faster bubbles appear, the more reactive the metal
the louder the pop, the more hydrogen produced so the more reactive

Question 11

hydrogen test

Answer 11

using a burning splint, if there is a squeaky pop heard then hydrogen is present

Question 12

metal + water ->

Answer 12

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 13

less reactive metals don’t react with what

Answer 13

water

but will react with steam

Question 14

less reactive metal + steam ->

Answer 14

less reactive metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 15

how to react a less reactive metal with steam

Answer 15

place mineral wool soaked in water into a boiling tube with metal
heat it

Question 16

redox reaction

Answer 16

a reaction where reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously
a displacement reaction is a redox reaction

Question 17

displacement reaction

Answer 17

the more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
a displacement reaction is a redox reaction

Question 18

in metal displacement what happens in terms of electrons

Answer 18

the more reactive metal loses electrons (oxidised)

the less reactive metal gains electrons (reduced)

Question 19

what can displacement reactions be used for

Answer 19

working out the position of a metal in the reactivity series

Question 20

metal ore

Answer 20

a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal within it

ore is often the oxide of the metal

Question 21

where are ores found

Answer 21

the Earth’s crust

Question 22

ores and unreactive metals (notes)

Answer 22

unreactive metals are present in the Earth’s crust as uncombined elements
these include gold and platinum
once mined out of the ground, they tend to need to be refined before use

Question 23

extraction using carbon

Answer 23

the metal is extracted from its ore chemically, using reduction
ore is reduced, removing oxygen from it

Question 24

why does extraction using carbon work

Answer 24

the carbon is more reactive than the metal so takes away the oxygen

Question 25

extraction of iron oxide

Answer 25

extraction using carbon iron oxide reduced using a blast furnace 2Fe2O3 + 3C -> 4Fe + 3CO2

Question 26

when should electrolysis be used for extraction

Answer 26

when metals are higher than carbon in the reactivity series

Question 27

how do you extract a metal using electrolysis

Answer 27

once a metal ore is melted, an electric current can be passed through it the metal gathers/ is discharged at the cathode the non-metal gathers/ is discharged at the anode

Question 28

compare methods of extraction in terms of cost

Answer 28

electrolysis is more expensive than reduction with carbon because large amounts of electricity are needed

Question 29

biological methods of extraction (definition)

Answer 29

methods of extraction using living organisms

Question 30

2 examples of biological methods of extraction

Answer 30

bioleaching | phytoextraction

Question 31

bioleaching

Answer 31

bacterial method of separating metals from their ores

Question 32

bioleaching process

Answer 32

bacteria take energy from bonds between atoms in the ore, which separates the metal from the ore leachate (solution produced by bioleaching) contains metal ions which can be extracted using displacement with a more reactive metal or electrolysis

Question 33

phytoextraction process

Answer 33

growing plants in a soil containing metal compounds metals build up in the leaves because the plant doesn't use them the plants are then harvested, dried and burned in a furnace the ash produced can then have metal removed using electrolysis or displacement

Question 34

3 general advantages of recycling

Answer 34

conservation of resources and energy economic benefits protects environment

Question 35

conservation of resources and energy

Answer 35

extracting raw materials takes lots of energy which is coming from burnt fossil fuels that are non-renewable , running out and contribute to acid rain/climate change recycling materials saves energy metals are also non-renewable so recycling is important for conserving them especially if they are rare

Question 36

economic benefits of recycling

Answer 36

extracting materials uses lots of energy which is expensibe beneficial to the economy to recycle expensive materials so recycling is a huge industry creating lost of jobs (jobs are created at every stage of the process)

Question 37

how does recycling protect the environment

Answer 37

recycling reduces the amount of rubbish in landfill which takes up space and pollutes surroundings extracting metals impacts the environment as mining damages environments and habitats

Question 38

life cycle assessment

Answer 38

looks at each stage of a product's life | works out the potential environmental impact at each stage

Question 39

what are the 4 stages of the life cycle assessment

Answer 39

choice of material manufacture product use disposal

Question 40

considerations with choice of material

Answer 40

metals need to be mined from their ores, needing energy and causing pollution raw materials often come from crude oil, whose refinery needs energy

Question 41

considerations with manufacture

Answer 41

making products uses lots of energy and other resources - waste product disposal should be considered - water shouldn't be put back polluted - recycling can reduce pollution

Question 42

considerations with product use

Answer 42

how much damage using the product may cause the environment

Question 43

considerations with disposal

Answer 43

products may be disposed in landfill, taking up space and polluting land and water if burnt, it will cause air pollution