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Chemistry GCSE > topic 4 - metals and reactivity > Flashcards

topic 4 - metals and reactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the reactivity series show

A

how easily metals are oxidised

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2
Q

what two non-metals are included in the reactvitiy series

A

carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

metals at the top of the reactivity series (description)

A

are most reactive
lose electrons easily to form cations
oxidised easily

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4
Q

metals at the bottom of the reactivity series (describe)

A

less reactive
don’t form cations as easily
more resistant to oxidation

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5
Q

what is the reactivity series (LIST)

A 
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
CARBON
zinc
iron
HYDROGEN
copper
silver 
gold
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6
Q

what metals are more reactive than carbon

A 
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
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7
Q

what metals are more reactive than hydrogen but less reactive than carbon

A

zinc

iron

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8
Q

what metals are less reactive than hydrogen

A

copper
silver
gold

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9
Q

to determine a metal’s position in the reactivity series

A

react it with water and dilute acids

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10
Q

reacting metals with acids ( what you do, the three indications of more reactive metals )

A

place small pieces of a variety of metals in dilute hydrochloric acid

the more reactive the metal, the faster it will react with the metal
the faster bubbles appear, the more reactive the metal
the louder the pop, the more hydrogen produced so the more reactive

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11
Q

hydrogen test

A

using a burning splint, if there is a squeaky pop heard then hydrogen is present

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12
Q

metal + water ->

A

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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13
Q

less reactive metals don’t react with what

A

water

but will react with steam

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14
Q

less reactive metal + steam ->

A

less reactive metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

how to react a less reactive metal with steam

A

place mineral wool soaked in water into a boiling tube with metal
heat it

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16
Q

redox reaction

A

a reaction where reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously
a displacement reaction is a redox reaction

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17
Q

displacement reaction

A

the more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
a displacement reaction is a redox reaction

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18
Q

in metal displacement what happens in terms of electrons

A

the more reactive metal loses electrons (oxidised)

the less reactive metal gains electrons (reduced)

19
Q

what can displacement reactions be used for

A

working out the position of a metal in the reactivity series

20
Q

metal ore

A

a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal within it

ore is often the oxide of the metal

21
Q

where are ores found

A

the Earth’s crust

22
Q

ores and unreactive metals (notes)

A

unreactive metals are present in the Earth’s crust as uncombined elements
these include gold and platinum
once mined out of the ground, they tend to need to be refined before use

23
Q

extraction using carbon

A

the metal is extracted from its ore chemically, using reduction
ore is reduced, removing oxygen from it

24
Q

why does extraction using carbon work

A

the carbon is more reactive than the metal so takes away the oxygen

25
Q

extraction of iron oxide

A

extraction using carbon
iron oxide reduced using a blast furnace

2Fe2O3 + 3C -> 4Fe + 3CO2

26
Q

when should electrolysis be used for extraction

A

when metals are higher than carbon in the reactivity series

27
Q

how do you extract a metal using electrolysis

A

once a metal ore is melted, an electric current can be passed through it
the metal gathers/ is discharged at the cathode
the non-metal gathers/ is discharged at the anode

28
Q

compare methods of extraction in terms of cost

A

electrolysis is more expensive than reduction with carbon because large amounts of electricity are needed

29
Q

biological methods of extraction (definition)

A

methods of extraction using living organisms

30
Q

2 examples of biological methods of extraction

A

bioleaching

phytoextraction

31
Q

bioleaching

A

bacterial method of separating metals from their ores

32
Q

bioleaching process

A

bacteria take energy from bonds between atoms in the ore, which separates the metal from the ore
leachate (solution produced by bioleaching) contains metal ions which can be extracted using displacement with a more reactive metal or electrolysis

33
Q

phytoextraction process

A

growing plants in a soil containing metal compounds
metals build up in the leaves because the plant doesn’t use them
the plants are then harvested, dried and burned in a furnace
the ash produced can then have metal removed using electrolysis or displacement

34
Q

3 general advantages of recycling

A

conservation of resources and energy
economic benefits
protects environment

35
Q

conservation of resources and energy

A

extracting raw materials takes lots of energy which is coming from burnt fossil fuels that are non-renewable , running out and contribute to acid rain/climate change
recycling materials saves energy
metals are also non-renewable so recycling is important for conserving them especially if they are rare

36
Q

economic benefits of recycling

A

extracting materials uses lots of energy which is expensibe
beneficial to the economy to recycle expensive materials
so recycling is a huge industry creating lost of jobs (jobs are created at every stage of the process)

37
Q

how does recycling protect the environment

A

recycling reduces the amount of rubbish in landfill which takes up space and pollutes surroundings

extracting metals impacts the environment as mining damages environments and habitats

38
Q

life cycle assessment

A

looks at each stage of a product’s life

works out the potential environmental impact at each stage

39
Q

what are the 4 stages of the life cycle assessment

A

choice of material
manufacture
product use
disposal

40
Q

considerations with choice of material

A

metals need to be mined from their ores, needing energy and causing pollution
raw materials often come from crude oil, whose refinery needs energy

41
Q

considerations with manufacture

A

making products uses lots of energy and other resources

  • waste product disposal should be considered
  • water shouldn’t be put back polluted
  • recycling can reduce pollution
42
Q

considerations with product use

A

how much damage using the product may cause the environment

43
Q

considerations with disposal

A

products may be disposed in landfill, taking up space and polluting land and water
if burnt, it will cause air pollution

Chemistry GCSE (15 decks)

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