Topic 4 - Metals

Question 1

Properties of metals

Answer 1

• Conductivity
• Shiny
• Malleable
• Solid (mostly)
• High melting point and boiling point
• High density
• low ionisation energies
• low electronegativities

Question 2

Cations

Answer 2

Metals, lose electrons so they have a positive charge

Question 3

Transition metals

Answer 3

harder, higher density, higher melting points, strong magnetic properties, bright coloured

Question 4

Alloys

Answer 4

• metals are mixed with small amounts of another substance usually another metal or carbon. They are melted together, mixed and then allowed to cool. An alloy is harder and melts at a lower temperature than a pure metal.
• Steel = Transition metals + carbon
• Copper is one of the few metals that s mainly used in pure form.

Question 5

In what order do you write the number and charge of an ion

Answer 5

Number then charge

Question 6

Metals are usually hard and tend to have high boiling points

Answer 6

the forces between the particles must be strong

Question 6

Metals are usually hard and tend to have high boiling points

Answer 6

the forces between the particles must be strong

Question 7

Metals conduct electricity in the solid state and in the modern liquid state

Answer 7

metals have charged particles that are free to move

Question 8

metals are malleable and ductile

Answer 8

the attractive forces between the particles must be stronger than the repulsive forces between the particles when the layers of particles are moved

Question 9

Metals generally have high densities

Answer 9

The particles are closely packed in a metal

Question 10

Metals are good conductors of heat

Answer 10

there must be a way of quickly transferring energy throughout a metal object

Question 11

Metals are lustrous or reflective

Answer 11

free electrons are present, so metals can reflect light and appear shiny

Question 12

Metals tend to react by losing electrons

Answer 12

electrons must be relatively easily removed from metal atoms.

Question 13

The metallic bonding model must include:

Answer 13

charged particles that are free to move and conduct electricity

strong forces of attraction between particles throughout the metal structure

some electrons that are relatively easily removed

Question 14

A metal crystal:

Answer 14

a region of solid where the particles
are arranged regularly.

Question 15

Lattice:

Answer 15

Tightly packed regular arrangement.

Question 16

The reactivity of a metal depends

Answer 16

on how easily electrons can be removed from their atoms.

Question 17

Metals can react with

Answer 17

water, oxygen, acids

Question 18

what is the trend of reactivity to water, oxygen and acids

Answer 18

Group 1, group 2, transition metals

Question 19

Metals are normally more reactive with

Answer 19

acids than with water. More metals react with acids and
the reactions tend to be more energetic.

Question 20

Gold and platinum are essentially unreactive and are described as

Answer 20

inert.

Question 21

The Reactivity Series

Answer 21

• Please
• Send
• Charlie’s
• Monkey
• And
• Zebras
• In
• Lead
• Cages
• Securely
• Guarded

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
zinc
iron
lead
copper
Silver
gold

potassium highest, gold lowest

Question 22

Atoms of metals

Answer 22

are generally larger than the atoms of non-metallic elements within a period.

have lower effective nuclear charge (core charge)

have lower ionisation energy (it takes less energy to remove electrons from an outer shell)

Metals tend to lose their outer shell electrons to form positive ions, called ions

Question 23

The reactivity of a metal depends on how…

Answer 23

easily electrons can be removed from its atoms

Question 24

Circular economy

Answer 24

a continuous cycle where the extracted material is reused after initial use, waste is minimum and can be recycled, or re-purposed

sustainable

Question 25

most metals in the earths crust form…

Answer 25

oxides, sulphides or silicates

Question 26

when the concentration of mineral in rock is high enough to be extracted it is called…

Answer 26

an ore

Question 27

Mining

Answer 27

the first step in metal production from ores
involves the removal of surface vegetation, soil and bedrock to reach the ore deposits. Underground mining - digging a vertical shafts into the group then tunnels are dug to reach the ore

in-situ leaching, injecting solutions into holes to resolve the minerals and then pumping them to the surface where the minerals can be recovered, cheaper.

Question 28

Ore processing

Answer 28

the second step in metal production from ores

processed to separate the valuable minerals from the waste rock.

Question 29

metal extraction

Answer 29

the thirds step in metal production from ores

the method to extract the metals changes based on the reactivity. All metals can be extracted by passing an electric current through the liquid compound, electrolysis. Uses lots of energy. expensive, only used for very reactive elements

iron can be extracted by heating it at a high temperature with carbon, and smelting.

Question 30

environmental issues

Answer 30

land, water, air, biodiversity.

Question 31

Linear Economies

Answer 31

you use it then dispose of it. take make dispose

Question 32

metal recycling…

Answer 32

save up to 20 times the energy needed to extract metals
avoids using metals as landfill
reduces CO2 emmisons

Question 33

Recycling process

Answer 33

collection
preparation for recovery
smelting
purification

Question 34

haematite

Answer 34

Fe 2 O 3

Question 35

extraction of iron

Answer 35

materials used = iron ore, coke, limestone and air

To extract iron, blast furnace
- different reactions in different temperature zones

part 1
- coke reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide which reacts with carbon to form carbon monoxide

Part 2
- carbon monoxide reacts with iron ore
- carbon monoxide + iron oxide = iron + carbon dioxide

limestone
- limestone breaks down, to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide with reacts with the unwanted materials to form slag

collection of iron
- holes at the base of the furnace are opened and the molten iron and slag are drained out and separated.