Topic 4- Kidneys

Question 1

What is the function of the renal vein?

Answer 1

Takes blood from the kidney to the vena cava

Question 2

What is the function of the renal artery?

Answer 2

Takes blood from the aorta to the kidney

Question 3

What is the function of the kidney?

Answer 3

Control of water content of the blood
Removal of urea from the blood
Removal of excess mineral salts from the blood

Question 4

What is the function of the ureta?

Answer 4

Takes urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 5

What is the function of the bladder?

Answer 5

Stores urine

Question 6

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 6

Takes urine out of the body

Question 7

What is the function of the cortex?

Answer 7

Filters large molecules

Question 8

What is the function of the medulla?

Answer 8

Water, salt and urea are removed from the blood

Question 9

Name the 8 labels of the nephron

Answer 9

Arteriole TO and FROM capillary knot
Capillary knot
Bowman's knot
Tubule
Loop of henlé
Network of capillaries
Collecting duct

Question 10

What are the conditions that need to be maintained to keep the body stable?

Answer 10

Waste substances need to be removed
Water content
Body temperature
Glucose levels

Question 11

What are the contents of urine?

Answer 11

Urea, water, mineral salts

Question 12

What does the nephron do?

Answer 12

Removes urea, excess mineral salts and excess water from the blood to form urine

Question 13

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 13

The filtration of small molecules under the pressure from the capillary knot into the bowman’s capsule. (Urea, mineral salts, glucose, water, amino acids)

Question 14

What is reabsorbtion?

Answer 14

Useful molecules are reabsorbed back into the blood from the tubule. ( glucose, amino acids, water and mineral salts)

Question 15

How do you gain and lose water from the body?

Answer 15

Gain;
Food
Drinking
Metabolic water (during respiration)

Lose;
Sweat
Exhalation 
Faeces
Excretion

Question 16

In terms of ADH, what happens when you lose water in the body?

Answer 16

Blood contains a low concentration of water
Brain secretes more ADH
More water is absorbed back into the blood in the kidneys
Small volume of concentrated urine is produced

Question 17

In terms of ADH, what happens when you add water in the body?

Answer 17

Blood contains a high concentration of water
Brain secretes less ADH
Less water is reabsorbed back into the blood in the kidneys
A large volume of dilute urine is produced

Question 18

What is the purpose of dialysis?

Answer 18

Restores the concentration of dissolved substances in the blood to normal levels

Question 19

How does dialysis work?

Answer 19

The patient’s blood flows between semi permeable membranes.
To ensure that useful substances such as glucose and salts aren’t lost from the blood, the dialysis fluid contains the same concentration as the blood plasma.
This ensures only urea, and excess of mineral salts and water will diffuse into the dialysis fluid.

Question 20

What is controlled during dialysis?

Answer 20

Constant circulation and changing of dialysis fluid insurance concentration of urea is higher in the blood. Urea therefore diffuses out of the blood into the dialysis fluid.
There is equal concentration of useful substances example glucose. Therefore no net diffusion of glucose in the blood.

Question 21

What happens during a kidney transplant?

Answer 21

The donor kidney is implanted at the bottom of the abdomen close to the thigh and is connected to the blood supply. The failed kidneys are not removed.

Question 22

What are the conditions of a kidney transplant?

Answer 22

The tissue-type must be the same or similar to reduce the chance of rejection for the transplant.
The donor must take drugs that suppress the immune system to reduce the chance of rejection after the transplant.

Question 23

What are the differences between dialysis and a kidney transplant?

Answer 23

Dialysis;
Temporary fix, diet restrictions, must visit hospital frequently, non-invasive, no drugs, no rejection.

Transplant;
Cures problem, no diet restrictions, no visits to hospital, invasive, drugs, possibility of rejection

Question 24

What are the ethical issues of kidney transplants?

Answer 24

Xenotransplants
Kidney donor schemes
Living donors
Buying or selling of organs
Availability of dialysis machines