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Biology 3 > Topic 2- Blood And Circulation > Flashcards

Topic 2- Blood And Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What was Harvey’s approach?

A 
>Dissection of humans and other animals
>Observation of living hearts in fish
>Mathematical models
>A detailed study of the structure of the heart
>Experiments on human circulation
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2
Q

What did Harvey find and how?

A

He found valves in veins. He proved that they only allowed blood to circulate in one way.
He did this by wrapping a tight band around his arm. He could only push the bloody towards the heart.

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3
Q

What didn’t Harvey discover and why?

A

He didn’t discover how arteries and veins are connected because the microscope wasn’t accessible to him.

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4
Q

What connects arteries and veins?

A

Capillaries that are blood vessels.
They allow glucose and oxygen to diffuse into cells and waste out.
They are one cell thick and they have a large surface area.

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5
Q

What is the human circulatory system?

A

A double circulatory system. The blood must pass through the heart twice before completing one whole circuit of the body.

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6
Q

What are the two circulatory systems and explain them

A

Pulmonary system- blood pumped from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. (Deoxygenated blood)

Systemic circulation- blood pumped from the heart to the body and then back to the heart. (Oxygenated blood)

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7
Q

Where does oxygen enter the body?

A

The lungs

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8
Q

Who, what and when was the circulatory system suggested?

A

Early 1600’s by William Harvey
He suggested that blood circulation around the body, flowing from the heart through arteries and returning through veins.

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9
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Red blood cells- carry oxygen
White blood cells-defend body against pathogens
Platelets- clots the blood
Plasma- carries dissolved substances

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10
Q

What do red blood cells look like?

A

Flat
Biconcave
Disc shaped

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11
Q

Why are red blood cells red in colour?

A

The pigment haemoglobin

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12
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

Joins with oxygen to transport it around the body

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13
Q

What is needed to produce haemoglobin and what happens if there is a shortage of it?

A

Iron. If there is a shortage, the person won’t have enough red blood cells. This is called anemia

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14
Q

What happens if your body has an infectn?

A

The number of white blood cells increase

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15
Q

Why are white blood cells colourless?

A

They have no pigment

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16
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells?

A

Phagocytes- ingest and digest ‘foreign’ cells

Lymphocytes- produce antibodies and antitoxins

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17
Q

What are the 3 differences between red and white blood cells?

A

Red blood cells:
Have no nucleus
Are regular disc shaped
Smaller

White blood cells:
Have a nucleus
Have an irregular shape
Larger

18
Q

What is the purpose of platelets?

A

They clot the blood, forming a thick jelly. This hardens to form a scab

19
Q

What are the 3 functions of platelets?

A

Prevent blood loss
Keeps the wound clean as the new skin grows
Prevents pathogens from entering the body

20
Q

What is plasma?

A

Carry dissolved substances

It’s the liquid part of the blood- pale yellow, 90% water

21
Q

What do plasma carry?

A 
Small soluble food molecules
Waste chemicals formed from the body 
Hormones carried from the endocrine glands to their target organ
Antibodies produced by lymphocytes
Mineral salts
22
Q

What is the heart made out of?

A

Cardiac muscle

23
Q

What are the blood vessels on the exterior of the heart called and what do they supply?

A

Coronary arteries

Oxygen and glucose to the heart

24
Q

What happens during a heart attack?

A

There is a blood clot in the coronary arteries which prevent oxygenated blood reaching the heart

25
Q

Why are tendons attached to valves?

A

So they don’t get pushed inside out

26
Q

Which side of the heart pumps to which part of the body?

A

Right pumps to lungs.

Left pumps around the body.

27
Q

Out of the atria and ventricles, which has thicker walls and why?

A

The ventricles have thicker walls because when they contract, they have to pump bloody around the body. Where as the atria only have to pump blood to the ventricles.

28
Q

Which ventricle has a thicker wall and why?

A

The left ventricle is thicker because it has to pump blood around the body. Not just to the lungs.

29
Q

Name the 10 labels of the heart

A 
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Vena cava
Semi lunar valves
Atrio ventricular valves
Left and right ventricle
Left and right atrium
30
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

31
Q

What is the function of the semi- lunar valves?

A

Prevents back flow of blood when ventricles relax

32
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

Artery carrying the blood to the body

33
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

34
Q

What is the function of the atrio ventricular valves?

A

Prevents back flow when the ventricle contracts

35
Q

What is the function of the vena cava?

A

The vein that carries blood from the body back to the heart

36
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart

A
  1. VENA CAVA carries blood from the organs to the RIGHT ATRIUM
  2. Blood passes through an ATRIO VENTRICULAR VALVE to the RIGHT VENTRICLE
  3. RIGHT VENTRICLE contracts, pumping blood trough the SEMI LUNAR VALVE into the PULMONARY ARTERY
  4. PULMONARY ARTERY carries blood to the LUNGS where is it oxygenated.
  5. PULMONARY VEIN carries blood back from the LUNGS to the LEFT ATRIUM
  6. Blood passes through the ATRIO VENTRICULAR VALVE Into the LEFT VENTRICLE
  7. LEFT VENTRICLE contracts, pumping blood through the SEMI LUNAR VALVE into the AORTA
  8. AORTA carries blood from the heart to the organs of the body
37
Q

What are the four labels needed when labelling a blood capillary?

A

Vein
Venule
Arteriole
Artery

38
Q

What are arteries?

A

Have thick walls because they carry blood under pressure away from the heart

39
Q

What are veins?

A

Have thin walls because they carry blood under a low pressure back to the heart

40
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Smallest blood vessels that carry blood through the organs

41
Q

What are the two functions of capillaries?

A

They form an extensive network so that no cell is far away from a capillary.
Their walls are thin to allow easy diffusion to occur between blood and body cells

Biology 3 (6 decks)

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