Topic 4 - Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
State and explain the trend in ionisation energy down group 2 of the periodic table
The first I.E decreases down the group, due to the increased level of shielding as the number of electron shells between the nucleus and the outermost electron(s) increases, with the level of e-e repulsion, making it easier for an electron to be pulled away.
State and explain the trend in reactivity down group 2 of the periodic table
The reactivity increases down the group, due to the increased level of shielding as the number of electron shells between the nucleus and the outermost electron(s) increases with the level of e-e repulsion, making it easier for an electron to be pulled away.
Give the general reaction of group 2 hydroxides with acids
X(OH)2 + 2HCl –> 2H2O + MgCl2
Describe the trend in thermal stability in group 1 and 2 nitrates
Group 2 nitrates all show signs of greater thermal decomposition, and all but lithium in group 1 show signs of lesser thermal decomposition.
Describe the trend in thermal stability in group 1 and 2 carbonates
Group 2 carbonates all show signs of decomposition, but all but lithium show no signs of thermal decomposition at all
What colour flame does the lithium ion produce when burnt?
Red
What colour flame does the sodium ion produce when burnt?
Yellow/Orange
What colour flame does the Potassium ion produce when burnt?
Lilac
What colour flame does the rubidium ion produce when burnt?
Red/Purple
What colour flame does the caesium ion produce when burnt?
Blue/Violet
What colour flame does the beryllium ion produce when burnt?
No colour
What colour flame does the magnesium ion produce when burnt?
No colour
What colour flame does the calcium ion produce when burnt?
Brick Red
What colour flame does the strontium ion produce when burnt?
Crimson Red
What colour flame does the barium ion produce when burnt?
Apple Green
What causes the coloured flames produced by group 1 and 2 elements?
The excitement of electrons from their ground state to a higher energy level during a flame test, followed by its immediate return to its original level, releasing energy of a particular visible wavelength
Describe and explain the trend in melting and boiling temperature down group 7
The melting and boiling temperatures increase down the group as the strength of the London Forces present increase with the number of electrons, and the size of the electron cloud
Name the salts, all common forms of which are soluble
Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium salts, and Nitrate salts
Which Chlorides are insoluble?
Silver and Lead Chloride
Which Sulphates are insoluble?
Lead, Barium and Calcium Sulphate
Which Carbonates are soluble?
Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Carbonate
Which Hydroxides are soluble?
Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium Hydroxide
Describe and explain the trend in reactivity down group 7
Group 7 elements decrease in reactivity down the group as their electronegativity decreases, meaning their ability to attract another electron into its outermost shell
