Topic 4 - Gender differences in education Flashcards
What do girls generally do better in? What are they more likely to do after school?
School
University
How have role models improved girls performance in education?
Growth in women’s employment has raised girls ambitions and expectations
What is the ‘crisis of masculinity’?
Boys become less ambitious due to a decline of traditionally male jobs and decline of the male breadwinner
What has feminism done to help girls?
- Challenge gender stereotypes of women being homemakers
- Raised awareness of the patriarchy and sex discrimination
How is more emphasis put on gender equality within schools?
Encouraging girls to go into ‘male’ subjects like STEM
How are girls seen as compared to boys?
More organized and motivated than boys
What type of subcultures do girls typically form? Which kind do boys typically form?
- Pro school subcultures
- Anti school subcultures
What do Girls pro-school subculture encourage? What do Boys anti-school subculture encourage?
- peer support
- masculinity and ‘laddish’ behaviour
Who generally matures earlier? What do they then take more seriously?
Girls
Their education
How are girls viewed in schools? What does this result in?
More Cooperative and better behaved
Teachers having higher expectations of them
Whos more likely to underestimate their abilities? Whos more likely to overestimate them?
Girls
Boys
What are girls more likely to do than boys? What does this develop?
Read more and discuss their schoolwork
Develop language and reasoning skills
Who are viewed as more organised/motivated?
Girls
What subjects are girls more likely to choose?
What subjects are boys more likely to choose?
Arts and humanities
Science and math
What did Smith find in regards to psychology students?
70% were girls
What does Francis argue about the schooling process?
- Reinforces and reproduces gender identities
- Fitting in meant conforming to gender stereotypes
What 4 ways do schools reinforce gender identities?
- Boys dominating classroom discussion
- Boys belittling girls contributions
- Boys and girls sitting separately
- Teacher expectations
How do teachers typically expect boys/girls to act?
Boys - boisterous and disruptive
Girls - quiet and well behaved
How do boys damage girls education according to radical feminist’s?
Boys take up teachers time and marginalize girls
What can girls subject choice limit in their future?
Possible career paths
In 2013 what percentage of girls got A or B grades at A-level? What percentage of boys?
47%
42%
What did McRobbie’s study of girls magazines find? What did they contain in the 1970s?
They now contain images of assertive women
Importance of getting married and not ‘left on the shelf;
What did Carol Fullers study of girls find?
Educational success was a central part of their identity
What did girls tend to aspire to in the 1970s?
Marriage and having a family
What did the National Curriculum do to improve gender equality?
Made boys and girls study the same subjects
What did Gorard find in relation to the gap in educational success?
Sharply increased in 1989 following the introduction of GCSEs
Why do boys get more attention in class according to French and French
They receive more reprimanding
What is one reason for the gender gap in educational success?
Boys lower literacy rates
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson find?
High expectations lead to high performance (self fulfilling prophecy)
