Topic 1 - Class differences in achievement (1) external factors Flashcards
Which class tends to do better in educational achievement?
Middle class
What is one explanation for class differences in educational achievement?
Better-off parents can afford for their children to go to private schools
What percent of Britain do private schools educate?
How many people that go to Cambridge or Oxford were educated in private school?
7%
almost half
What does Private education not account for within class differences?
Differences within state education
What are Internal and External factors?
Internal - Factors within schools
External - Factors outside of schools
What did the Centre for Longitudinal studies find (2007)?
By age 3 children from disadvantaged background are already up to one year behind those from privileged homes. The gap widens with age.
What is cultural capital?
Includes skills such as language, self discipline and reasoning skills
What do sociologists say about working class parents?
They don’t adequately socialize their children meaning they are culturally deprived
What are the three main aspects of cultural deprivation?
- Language
- Parents education
- Working class subculture
What did Feinstein find?
Educated parents tend to use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities
What did Feinstein find about Parents who praise their children?
The children develop a sense of their own competence
What did Engelmann claim?
Language used in lower class homes is deficient.
What do restricted language codes cause?
Children fail to develop the necessary language skills and are incapable of abstract thinking. Limits opportunities at school.
What speech codes do Middle class use vs Working class?
Middle - Elaborated code
Working - Restricted code
What is one way speech codes affect children in school?
Middle class children are already used to the speech codes used in schools so feel 'at home'. Working class children are not and feel excluded from school.
