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Chemistry GCSE > Topic 4 - Extracting Metals and Equilibria > Flashcards

Topic 4 - Extracting Metals and Equilibria Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify which element has been oxidise in the following reaction:
CuO + H2 -> Cu + H20

A

H2

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2
Q

Because Calcium is more reactive than copper, which is more easily oxidised?

A

Calcium

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3
Q

How do metals react with water?

A

Metal + Water -> Metal Hydoxide + Hydrogen

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4
Q

Would Silver displace iron from iron chloride solution?

A

No, as Silver is not as reactive as iron

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5
Q

Lithium sits between sodium and calcium in the reactivity series
State whether lithium would displace zinc from zinc sulfate solution and explain your answer?

A

Yes as lithium is more reactive than zinc

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6
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting the metal from it

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7
Q

What are most ores located?

A

In the Earth’s crust

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8
Q

How is carbon used in extraction of metals?

A

It removes the oxygen

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9
Q

State the equation of iron oxide being added to carbon?

A

Iron Oxide + Carbon -> Iron + Carbon Dioxide

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10
Q

How would you extract tin from its metal ore? Explain your answer

A

Tin is less reactive than carbon so you could extract tin from its ore by reducing it with carbon

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11
Q

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and carbon?

A

Zinc Oxide + Carbon -> Zinc + Carbon Dioxide

2ZnO + C -> 2Zn + CO2

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12
Q

What metals are electrolysed?

A

Metals more reactive than carbon

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13
Q

What goes to the cathode?

A

The metal

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14
Q

What goes to the anode?

A

The non-metal

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15
Q

Al2O3 is electrolysed

State the ionic equations for the products?

A

Al3+ + 3e- -> Al

2O2- - 4e- -> O2

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of electrolysis?

A

Expensive to melt/dissolve and get electricity

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17
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Bacteria is used to separate metals from their ores, where the bacteria get energy from the bonds between the atoms

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18
Q

What is phytoextraction?

A

Growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds that they cannot use so they simply get stored in their leaves. The leaves can then be harvested.

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19
Q

What would be more expensive to extract, iron or aluminium?

A

Aluminium because it requires electrolysis which is more much expensive than reducing with carbon

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20
Q

What does recycling conserve?

A

Resources and energy

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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of extracting metals?

A

Mines are damaging and destroy habitats they are also an eye sore

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22
Q

Explain how a metal’s relative resistance to oxidation is related
to its position in the reactivity series?

A

Because metal reactivity is how easily an electron is lost and resistance to oxidation is how resistant an atom is to oxidisng both mean the same thing

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23
Q

What are unreactive metals found as?

A

Uncombined elements

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24
Q

What does the extraction of metals involve?

A

The reduction of ores

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25
Q

What are the disadvantages of landfill?

A

Takes up space and pollutes the surroundings

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26
Q

Which is often cheaper? Extracting metals or recycling?

A

Recycling

27
Q

What are the advantages to recycling?

A

Creates jobs

Reduces landfill and mines

28
Q

Material X is a metal. To recycle material X you need 110% of the energy used to extract and refine it
Explain why it might still be better to recycle material X

A

Disposed of metals will be put in landfill which takes up space and pollutes the surroundings
Metals are non-renewable, so recycling metals is important to conserve finite resources of the metal

29
Q

What does LCA stand for?

A

Life cycle assessment

30
Q

What does LCA involve?

A

The effect on the environment of obtaining the
raw materials, manufacturing the product, using the product
and disposing of the product when it is no longer useful

31
Q

What stages are part of the LCA?

A

Obtaining the materials
Making the product
Using the product
Disposing the product

32
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

A reaction where the products can react with each other to produce the original reactants

33
Q

Give an example of the reversible reaction

A

The haber process

34
Q

State the ‘equation’ for a reversible reaction

A

A + B ⇌ C + D

35
Q

What are the conditions for the haber process?

A

Temperature of 450 °C
Pressure of 200 atmospheres
An iron catalyst

36
Q

In the haber process, where is the nitrogen from?

A

The air

37
Q

In the haber process, where is the hydrogen from?

A

Hydrocarbons

38
Q

Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium?

A

When the forward and backward reactions are both happening at the same time and at the same rate

39
Q

When can equilibrium only be reached?

A

When a reaction takes place in a closed system

40
Q

When the equilibrium lies to the right what does this mean?

A

There are lots of products and not much reactants

41
Q

When the equilibrium lies to the left what does this mean?

A

There are lots of reactants but not much of the products

42
Q

What things affect the position of the equilibrium?

A

Temperature
Pressure
Concentration

43
Q

Explain what is meant by a reversible reaction?

A

A reversible reaction is one where the products can react with each other to produce the reactants

44
Q

What does Le Chatelier’s principle state?

A

If theres a change in conc, pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium position will move to help counteract that change

45
Q

What happens when you increase the temperature of a reaction?

A

The equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to absorb the extra heat

46
Q

What happens when you decrease the temperature of a reaction?

A

The equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat

47
Q

What happens when you increase the pressure of a reaction?

A

The equilibrium will move to the side with fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure

48
Q

What happens when you decrease the pressure of the reaction?

A

The equilibrium will move towards the side that has the most moles of gas to increase pressure

49
Q

What happens when you increase the concentration of the reactants?

A

The equilibrium will move to the right to use up the reactants as it makes more products

50
Q

What happens when you increase the concentration of the products?

A

The equilibrium will move to the left to use up the products as it makes more reactants

51
Q

The compound PCl5 can be made using this reaction:
PCl3 + Cl2 ⇌ PCl5
Explain what would happen to the equilibrium position and to the yield of PCl5 if you increased the pressure that the reaction was being performed at

A

If you increase the pressure the position of the equilibirum will move towards the side with fewer moles of gas to reduce the pressure
As the left has 2 moles and the right has 1 mole, the position of the equilibrium will move to the right since that is the side with fewer moles of gas so the yield of PCl5 will increase

52
Q

This reaction is endothermic in the forward direction: CH3OH ⇌ CO + 2H2
What will happen to the position of the equilibrium if the temperature is increased?
Explain your answer.

A

To the right as the forward reaction is endothermic, so when the temperature is increased the equilibrium position will move to the right to absorb the excess heat

53
Q

What would happen to the yeld of SO3 in the reaction below if the pressure was decreased?
Explain your answer: 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3

A

As the left side has 3 moles and the right has 2, the equilibrium will move to the left as it has the most moles in an attempt to increase pressure, therefore, the yield of SO3 will decrease

54
Q

Which element is reduced?

CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

A

Oxygen

55
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A reaction where oxidation and reduction occurs

56
Q

Describe what happens during a displacement reaction?

A

The more reactive element displaces the less reactive element

57
Q

What is a metal ore and where are they usually found?

A

Rocks with enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract and they’re found in the Earth’s crust

58
Q

Describe how metals less reactive than carbon are usually extracted from their ore?

A

The ores are heated with carbon, where the carbon displaces the metal

59
Q

Name two biological methods of extracting methods?

A

Bioleaching and phytoextraction

60
Q

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of using bioleaching?

A

Doesn’t use electricity which is often generated from crude oil, however, it is much slower to extract than electrolysis

61
Q

If the position of equilibrium lies to the right, what does this tell you about the relative amounts of reactants and products present?

A

There are more products than reactants

62
Q

What is a good way of remembering how equilibrium works?

A

The more reactants/products, the more the ‘seesaw’ is weighed down on that side therefore the equilibrium will move in that direction

63
Q

Describe what would happen to the equilibrium position if you increased the concentration of the reactants?

A

The equilibrium moves to the products side as there will be more products made to use up the reactants

Chemistry GCSE (10 decks)

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