Topic 4- Dna profiling Flashcards
What is DNA profiling?
A technique used to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns
DNA profiling is commonly used in forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic research.
What is electrophoresis?
A method used to separate DNA fragments based on size
It involves applying an electric field to move negatively charged DNA through a gel.
Define DNA fingerprint.
A unique pattern of DNA fragments that can identify an individual
DNA fingerprints are used in criminal investigations and paternity tests.
What is an Eppendorf tube?
A small plastic tube used for storing small volumes of liquid, often in molecular biology
Commonly used in DNA extraction and PCR procedures.
What role does protease enzyme play in DNA extraction?
It removes the protein framework of chromosomes
This step is crucial for isolating pure DNA from cellular debris.
What is the purpose of adding ethanol in DNA extraction?
To precipitate DNA from the solution
Ethanol helps in the visible separation of DNA after extraction.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences
While details are not necessary to learn, understanding its role in DNA profiling is important.
What are restriction enzymes?
Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences
They are used in various molecular biology techniques, including cloning and DNA profiling.
How can differences in DNA patterns indicate different species?
More differences in the pattern of bands suggest the snakes are different species
This method is used in species classification through genetic analysis.
List some applications of gel electrophoresis.
- Criminal cases
- Paternity cases
- Comparing species for classification
- Medical diagnosis
- Identifying human remains
- Animals and plant breeding
- Cancer research
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
Gel electrophoresis is a versatile technique in many biological fields.
Fill in the blank: DNA fragments are ______ charged due to the phosphate group.
negatively
True or False: Shorter DNA fragments move slower than longer fragments during gel electrophoresis.
False
What is the first step in DNA extraction?
Extracting the DNA by breaking up the cells
This involves manually crushing cells to expose them to soap and salt.
What does adding salt do during DNA extraction?
Causes DNA to bind together
This step is essential for the subsequent purification of DNA.
What is the significance of the study of genetics in grass snakes?
It led to the identification of a new species in the UK
The new species is named Natrix Helvetica.
What is the purpose of filtering off debris during DNA extraction?
To isolate pure DNA from cellular material
This ensures the quality of the extracted DNA for further analysis.
