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Biology > Topic 2 - Cells > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main forms of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What is the smallest unit of organization in biology?

A

Cell

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3
Q

What is the significance of the cell theory?

A

It states that all living things are composed of cells

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4
Q

What are prokaryotic cells typically found in?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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5
Q

What are the main characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A
  • No nucleus
  • Smaller size (0.1 to 5µm)
  • No membrane-bound organelles
  • Circular DNA
  • Binary fission
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6
Q

What structures are characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Nucleoid
  • Ribosomes (70S)
  • Cell wall (contains murein)
  • Plasmids
  • Capsule
  • Flagella
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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

Protein synthesis

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8
Q

What type of DNA do prokaryotes carry?

A

Shorter and circular DNA

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics of eukaryotic cells?

A
  • True nucleus
  • Larger size (10-100µm)
  • Membrane-bound organelles
  • Linear DNA
  • Ribosomes are larger 80s
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10
Q

What is the role of histones in eukaryotic cells?

A

They help support and organize DNA

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11
Q

What is the typical size range for eukaryotic cells?

A

10-100µm in diameter

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12
Q

What cell division processes do eukaryotic cells undergo?

A

Mitosis and meiosis

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13
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes compared to prokaryotic cells.

A

False

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14
Q

What is resolution in microscopy?

A

How well a microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells reproduce by _______.

A

Binary fission

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain _______ DNA molecules.

17
Q

What is the function of a cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

A

Provides structural support and protection

18
Q

What types of cells typically have membrane-bound organelles?

A

Eukaryotic cells

19
Q

What are the two types of cell division?

A
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
20
Q

What are stromatolites?

A

Microbial reefs created by oxygen-producing cyanobacteria

21
Q

What is the significance of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

A

They have their own DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA

22
Q

What process do prokaryotic cells use for DNA replication?

A

Replication of circular DNA and plasmids

23
Q

What is the typical magnification formula for microscopy?

A

Size of image / Size of specimen

24
Q

What is the typical ribosome size in eukaryotic cells?

25
Q

What are the two groups of microorganisms that contain prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
26
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells typically undergo _______ for cell division.

A

Mitosis and meiosis

Biology (13 decks)

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