Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NEUR333 - Neurobilogy 2 > Topic 4: Brain Rhythms and Sleep > Flashcards

Topic 4: Brain Rhythms and Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What does EEG stand for?

A

Electroencephalogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does MEG stand for?

A

Magnetoencephalography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which frequency is associated with activated or attentive cortex?

a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz

A

b. Beta: 15–30 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE/FALSE: MEG cannot provide as detailed images of fMRI.

A

TRUE: MEG cannot provide as detailed images of fMRI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is true regarding EEG? (Select all that apply)

a. It has found similar rhythms across mammalian species.
b. It can help diagnose neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders
c. It measures neuron activity
d. EEG localizes sources of neural activity better than MEG

A

a. It has found similar rhythms across mammalian species.
b. It can help diagnose neurological conditions, such as epilepsy and sleep disorders
c. It measures neuron activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EEGs measure:

a. the activity of specific neurons
b. brain metabolism
c. miniscule magnetic signals generated by neural activity
d. generalized activity of cerebral cortex

A

d. generalized activity of cerebral cortex

  • Voltage fluctuations measured (tens of microvolts)
  • Electrode pairs: measure different brain regions
  • Amplitude of the EEG signal a measure of synchronous activity of underlying neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Karni propose to be the functions of dreaming and REM sleep?

a. Dream functions—wish fulfillment, conquer anxieties
b. Activation–synthesis hypothesis (random firing)
c. Certain memories require strengthening time period: REM sleep.
d. To provide O2 to the cells of the eyes

A

c. Certain memories require strengthening time period: REM sleep.

a was Freud
b was Hobson and McCarley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following diffuse modulatory systems is fires during REM and waking?

a. Cholinergic
b. Serotoninergic
c. Noradrenergic
d. Dopaminergic

A

a. Cholinergic

b and c fire during waking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which frequency is associated with a quiet, waking state?

a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz

A

a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compare and contrast EEG and MEG

A

EEG and MEG measure neuron activity.

EEG provides measurement of generalized activity of cerebral cortex

MEG is a recording of miniscule magnetic signals generated by neural activity

MEG localizes sources of neural activity better than EEG.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the amplitude of the EEG signal indicate?

A

Amplitude of the EEG signal a measure of synchronous activity of underlying neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which frequency is associated with a deep sleep?

a. Alpha: 8–13 Hz
b. Beta: 15–30 Hz
c. Theta: 4–7 Hz
d. Delta: less than 4 Hz

A

d. Delta: less than 4 Hz

Deep sleep: high synchrony, high EEG amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nuclei that innervate lots of cells to set a synchronous rhythm are described as ______?

A

Pacemakers

generally in the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

One hypothesis for the function of brain rhythms is sleep as brain’s way of disconnecting cortex from sensory input. What is a criticism of this hypothesis?

A

Sensory input can still reach cortex (e.g. loud noises, light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Walter Freeman hypothesize brain rhythms did?

A

Binding hypothesis
Walter Freeman: Neural rhythms coordinate activity of regions of the nervous system.
– By synchronizing oscillations from different regions, brain may bind together a single perceptual construction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A seizure consisting of less than 30 seconds of generalized 3 Hz EEG waves is described as:

a. Generalized seizure
b. Partial seizure
c. Absence seizure
d. Low-frequency seizure

A

c. Absence seizure

17
Q

A readily reversible state of reduced responsiveness to, and interaction with, the environment is:

a. A comma
b. Rest
c. Sleep
d. Consciousness

A

c. Sleep

18
Q

Low-voltage, fast EEG waves are indicative of:

a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep

A

d. Awake and REM sleep

19
Q

Logical, progressive thought is characteristic of:

a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep

A

a. Awake

20
Q

Muscle paralysis; movement commanded by the brain but not carried out is characteristic of:

a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep

A

c. REM sleep

21
Q

What do restoration theories of sleep propose its function is?

a. Sleep to keep out of trouble, hide from predators
b. Sleep to rest and recover, and prepare to be
awake again
c. Sleep to consolidate memories and to prepare for the future through different thought styles
d. Sleep to bind information from different sensory systems together without interference

A

b. Sleep to rest and recover, and prepare to be
awake again

a is adaptation,
c and d are made up

22
Q

A seizure consisting of entire cerebral cortex, complete
behaviour disruption and consciousness loss is described as:

a. Generalized seizure
b. Partial seizure
c. Absence seizure
d. Low-frequency seizure

A

a. Generalized seizure

23
Q

Moruzzi’s research found that lesions in midline structure of brain stem cause:

a. persistent insomnia, leading to death
b. state similar to REM sleep.
c. alpha waves
d. state similar to non-REM sleep.

A

d. state similar to non-REM sleep.

Lesions in lateral tegmentum do not cause non-REM
state sleep.

24
Q

Logical, repetitive thought is characteristic of:

a. Awake
b. Non-REM sleep
c. REM sleep
d. Awake and REM sleep

A

b. Non-REM sleep

25
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Non-REM sleep: increase in firing rates of most brain stem modulatory neurons using NE, 5-HT, ACh

A

FALSE: Non-REM sleep: increase in firing rates of most brain stem modulatory neurons using NE, 5-HT, ACh

They decrease

26
Q

Adenosine is a sleep promoting factor. Its release is triggered by NO. Which of the following is correct:

a. isolated from the CSF of sleep deprived goats, facilitates non-REM sleep
b. released by neurons; may have inhibitory effects of diffuse modulatory systems
c. synthesized in brain, stimulates immune system, induces fatigue and sleepiness
d. released at night, inhibited during daylight; helps initiate and maintain sleep—used to treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia

A

b. released by neurons; may have inhibitory effects of diffuse modulatory systems

27
Q

Cirelli and Tononi compared gene expression in brains of awake and sleeping rats. ___ of genes showed differences of expression
levels when awake or asleep.

a. 0.025%
b. 0%
c. 0.5%
d. 0.25%
e. 5%

A

c. 0.5%

– Genes that increased in awake rats: intermediate early
genes and mitochondrial genes
– Genes that increased in sleeping rats: genes that
contribute to protein synthesis and plasticity
mechanisms

28
Q

Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan found:

a. Most physiological and biochemical processes in body rise and fall with daily rhythms.
b. Brain clocks require occasional resetting.
c. Schedules of circadian rhythms vary among species.
d. Mimosa plant leaf movement continues circadian rhythm even in the dark.

A

d. Mimosa plant leaf movement continues circadian rhythm even in the dark.

All the other things are true, also.

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding melanopsin?

a. it is rapidly excited by light
b. it is expressed by a specialized type of ganglion cell in retina
c. Cells synapses directly onto SCN neurons to reset circadian clock
d. It is found in photoreceptors

A

a. it is rapidly excited by light

slowly

30
Q

Which sleep promoting factor is released at night, inhibited during
daylight; helps initiate and maintain sleep—used to
treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia?

a. Adenosine
b. Nitric acid (NO)
c. Muramyl dipeptide
d. Interleukin-1
e. Melatonin

A

e. Melatonin

31
Q

Which sleep promoting factor is synthesized in brain, stimulates immune system, induces fatigue and sleepiness?

a. Adenosine
b. Nitric acid (NO)
c. Muramyl dipeptide
d. Interleukin-1
e. Melatonin

A

d. Interleukin-1

NEUR333 - Neurobilogy 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions