Topic #4: Bioenergetics (Paper 1)

Question 1

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6Co2+ 6H2O -> C6H12O6+ 6O2

It is an endothermic reaction

Question 2

What colour are chloroplasts? and why?

Answer 2

Green because of a pigment called chlorophyll

Question 3

How can you reduce the effect of heat from a lamp, during a light intensity experiment?

Answer 3

Use a sink/beaker

Question 4

What is the scientific term for the forming of bubbles?

Answer 4

The children of the revolution!!!

bubbles evolve

Question 5

What are the names of the vessels that carry water and sugars respectively?

Answer 5

xylem and phloem because water doesn’t flow in the like flowum.

Question 6

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 6

Something that prevents any further photosynthesis from occurring (either because there is too much or not enough of it)

Question 7

Are stomata on the bottom or top of the leaf?

Answer 7

The bottom

Question 8

What wavelengths of light do leaves absorb for photosynthesis?

Answer 8

RED AND BLUE

Question 9

What are the 3 cues for the leaves to drop off?

Answer 9

Low temperatures
Low light intensity
fewer light hours

Question 10

Is the Upper epidermis transparent?

Answer 10

Yes, to allow light past to the palisade cells where most photosynthesis takes place.

Question 11

What affects the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide concentration
Light intensity
Temperature

Question 12

How is the glucose from photosynthesis used?

Answer 12

Respiration
Insoluble starch for storage
Fat/oil
Amino acids to make protein
Cellulose

Question 13

What is the equation for aerobic respiration in humans?

Answer 13

c6h12o6 + 6o2 -> 6co2 + 6h2o

Question 14

What are the two anaerobic equations?

Answer 14

Animals: Glucose -> Lactic Acid
Plants: c6h12o6 -> 2c2h5oh + 2co2
Glucose -> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

Question 15

What happens in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 15

The lactic acid is like a poison to the muscles, stopping them from contracting effectively, and an oxygen debt is built up due to the inabilty to fully oxidise the glucose

Question 16

What happens during exercise?

Answer 16

Demand for energy is increased and so more respiration is required, and more oxygen for it (hence faster breathing.) If this cannot be gained, anaerobic respiration will begin in order to sustain exercise a little longer, but much less energy is obtained.

Question 17

How does the body deal with the excess lactic acid?

Answer 17

Blood takes lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose

Question 18

Define metabolism.

Answer 18

Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.

Question 19

What reactions are included in the metabolism?

Answer 19

Converting glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
Turning glycerol and fatty acids into lipid molecules
Forming amino acids for proteins through glucose and nitrate ions
Respiration, to produce the energy needed for the processes of life
Breaking down excess protein to form urea for excretion

Question 20

What are the processes of life?

Answer 20

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition