topic 4 - bioenergetics Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make glucose from sunlight. It is an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
The equation for photosynthesis is: light + carbon dioxide (CO2) + water (H2O) -> glucose (C6H12O6) + oxygen (O2).
What is the chemical symbol for carbon dioxide?
The chemical symbol for carbon dioxide is CO2.
What is the chemical symbol for water?
The chemical symbol for water is H2O.
What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?
The chemical symbol for oxygen is O2.
What is the chemical symbol for glucose?
The chemical symbol for glucose is C6H12O6.
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
The rate of photosynthesis is affected by temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the amount of chlorophyll.
How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
With an increase in temperature, the rate of photosynthesis increases, but this trend continues only up to a certain temperature after which enzymes begin to denature and the rate of reaction decreases.
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
For most plants, the higher the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
What role does carbon dioxide concentration play in photosynthesis?
As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases, as carbon dioxide is needed to make glucose.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll is a pigment in the leaf that converts light energy to food for the plant. It is essential for the process of photosynthesis.
What is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?
A limiting factor is an environmental condition, such as light intensity, which restricts any increase in the rate of photosynthesis despite increases in other factors.
What is the purpose of conducting experiments measuring oxygen production in plants?
By measuring the oxygen production of a plant, you can calculate the rate of photosynthesis.
What is the experimental setup for measuring oxygen production in pondweed?
Pondweed is placed in a test tube filled with water, sealed with a bung, with a capillary tube containing water leading into the test tube attached to a syringe. A lamp is placed at a measured distance from the test tube.
What does an increase in the distance between the light source and the plant result in?
An increase in the distance between the light source and the plant results in a decrease in light intensity.
What does the term ‘inverse proportion’ describe in the context of light intensity?
Inverse proportion describes a relationship between two factors in which one factor increases while the other decreases, such as light intensity decreasing with increased distance from the light source.
What are the uses of glucose from photosynthesis?
Glucose from photosynthesis is used for respiration, converted into insoluble starch for storage, to produce fat or oil for storage in seeds, to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls, and combined with nitrates to form amino acids which produce proteins.
What is the basic definition of respiration?
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose so that living processes can occur. It occurs in every cell in the body and is exothermic.
What are the two types of respiration?
The two types of respiration are aerobic respiration (with oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).
What are the main products of aerobic respiration?
The main products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy from glucose.
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?
During anaerobic respiration in animals, lactic acid is produced. In plants and yeast cells, ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced.
What causes oxygen debt and what is its significance?
Oxygen debt is caused when anaerobic respiration occurs, leading to lactic acid accumulation. It signifies the extra oxygen needed after exercise to react with lactic acid and remove it from cells.
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body, where energy transferred by respiration is used to make new molecules.
What is the role of enzymes in metabolic processes?
Metabolic processes are controlled by enzymes.
