Topic 4: Bioenergetics

Question 1

Transpiration

Answer 1

Loss of water vapour through a leaf (evaporates)

Question 2

Transcolation

Answer 2

Movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to
the rest of the plant.

Question 3

Stomata / guard cells

Answer 3

Small holes in the surface of the leaf to allow
gases to diffuse through. Guard cells control the
opening and closing of the hole.

Question 4

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 4

Plant tissue containing lots of chloroplasts to carry
out photosynthesis

Question 5

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 5

Plant tissue containing air spaces to give a large
surface area for diffusion.

Question 6

Photosynthesis

Answer 6

An endothermic reaction that uses light energy, absorbed by chloroplasts.

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

Question 7

Respiration

Answer 7

An exothermic reaction that releases energy from glucose.

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

Uses oxygen.
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 9

Anerobic respiration (animals)

Answer 9

Without oxygen.
Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 10

Anaerobic
respiration
(plants and
yeast)

Answer 10

Without oxygen.
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Also called fermentation.

Question 11

Oxygen debt

Answer 11

Without oxygen.
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Also called fermentation.

Question 12

Metabolism

Answer 12

The sum of all reactions in the cell or body.
Controlled by enzymes.