Topic 1: Cell Biology

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains DNA, controls cell activities.

Example sentence: The nucleus is the control center of the cell.

Question 2

Cell membrane

Answer 2

Controls what substances enter and leave the cell.

Example sentence: The cell membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Where chemical reactions take place.

Example sentence: The cytoplasm is where proteins are synthesized.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Where respiration takes place, to release energy from glucose.

Example sentence: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

Gives shape and support to cells (made of cellulose in plants).

Example sentence: The cell wall provides rigidity to plant cells.

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

Store of water and minerals, provides support for plant cells.

Example sentence: The vacuole helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells.

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light, for photosynthesis.

Example sentence: Chloroplasts are responsible for the green color of plants.

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis takes place.

Example sentence: Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins.

Question 9

Stem cell

Answer 9

An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into a specialised cell.

Example sentence: Stem cells have the potential to develop into various cell types.

Question 10

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

A cell with a nucleus.

Example sentence: Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, and fungi.

Question 11

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 11

A cell without a nucleus.

Example sentence: Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

A type of cell division used for growth and repair that makes 2 genetically identical daughter cells.

Example sentence: Mitosis results in the production of two identical cells.

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

Spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration.

Example sentence: Oxygen moves into cells through diffusion.

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

The movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

Example sentence: Osmosis is vital for maintaining cell turgidity.

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

The movement of substances from an area of low concentration to high concentration. Requires energy from respiration.

Example sentence: Active transport allows cells to take in nutrients against the concentration gradient.