Topic 4 ~ Biodiversity Flashcards
What is a species
Group of organisms with similar morphology, physiology and behaviour which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Definition of habitat
The place where organisms live
Definition of population
Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species found in an area
What’s a community
The various populations in a habitat
What’s a niche
The way an organism uses its environment
What are behavioural adaptations
Any actions by the organism that helps them to survive
What are physiological adaptations
Features of the internal workings of an organism that help them to survive
What are anatomical adaptations
Structures we can see When we observe or dissect an organism
Definition of evolution
A change in allele frequency in a population over time
What is a gene pool
All the alleles of all the genes present in a population
What is the hardy weinburg equation
P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What is species richness
Measurement of biodiversity
Counting the number of species present in a habitat
What is the formula for diversity index
D=(N(N-1))/(sum of n(n-1)
N is total number of organisms of all species
n is total number of organisms of each species
what is co-adaptation
a process where 2 or more species undergo adaptation together. eg a plant and its pollinator can become dependent on each other and more and more closely adapted
what is the meaning of speciation
the formation of a new species
whats the meaning of biodiversity
the variety of species that belong to every different group of organisms living in all the habitats on the planet. also diversity within species
what is the binomial system
a system in which each species is given a unique 2-part latin name. the first part is the genus and the second part is the species
what are the groups in the taxonomic hierarchy in order
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
(Dogs Kill Plants Causing Outrage For Government Services)
what are the 3 domains
bacteria, archaea, eukaryota
what is convergent evolution
when unrelated organisms evolve a similar appearance as they adapt to the same conditions eg sharks and dolphins
what is endemism
when a species is only found in a particular location and no where else
what are the 3 basic principlesfor plants to build tall structures
- they produce strong cell walls made of cellulose
- they build columns and tubes from specialised cells
- they stiffen some of these special cells with lignin
describe the structure of cellulose
- polysaccharide
- made up of beta-glucose units joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds by condensation reactions
- long unbranched molecule
how are microfibrils formed
when hydrogen bonds form between the OH groups in neighbouring cellulose chains forming bundles
