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Biology > Topic 4 ~ Biodiversity > Flashcards

Topic 4 ~ Biodiversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a species

A

Group of organisms with similar morphology, physiology and behaviour which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Definition of habitat

A

The place where organisms live

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3
Q

Definition of population

A

Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species found in an area

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4
Q

What’s a community

A

The various populations in a habitat

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5
Q

What’s a niche

A

The way an organism uses its environment

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6
Q

What are behavioural adaptations

A

Any actions by the organism that helps them to survive

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7
Q

What are physiological adaptations

A

Features of the internal workings of an organism that help them to survive

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8
Q

What are anatomical adaptations

A

Structures we can see When we observe or dissect an organism

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9
Q

Definition of evolution

A

A change in allele frequency in a population over time

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10
Q

What is a gene pool

A

All the alleles of all the genes present in a population

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11
Q

What is the hardy weinburg equation

A

P^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

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12
Q

What is species richness

A

Measurement of biodiversity

Counting the number of species present in a habitat

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13
Q

What is the formula for diversity index

A

D=(N(N-1))/(sum of n(n-1)

N is total number of organisms of all species
n is total number of organisms of each species

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14
Q

what is co-adaptation

A

a process where 2 or more species undergo adaptation together. eg a plant and its pollinator can become dependent on each other and more and more closely adapted

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15
Q

what is the meaning of speciation

A

the formation of a new species

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16
Q

whats the meaning of biodiversity

A

the variety of species that belong to every different group of organisms living in all the habitats on the planet. also diversity within species

17
Q

what is the binomial system

A

a system in which each species is given a unique 2-part latin name. the first part is the genus and the second part is the species

18
Q

what are the groups in the taxonomic hierarchy in order

A
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
    (Dogs Kill Plants Causing Outrage For Government Services)
19
Q

what are the 3 domains

A

bacteria, archaea, eukaryota

20
Q

what is convergent evolution

A

when unrelated organisms evolve a similar appearance as they adapt to the same conditions eg sharks and dolphins

21
Q

what is endemism

A

when a species is only found in a particular location and no where else

22
Q

what are the 3 basic principlesfor plants to build tall structures

A
  • they produce strong cell walls made of cellulose
  • they build columns and tubes from specialised cells
  • they stiffen some of these special cells with lignin
23
Q

describe the structure of cellulose

A
  • polysaccharide
  • made up of beta-glucose units joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds by condensation reactions
  • long unbranched molecule
24
Q

how are microfibrils formed

A

when hydrogen bonds form between the OH groups in neighbouring cellulose chains forming bundles

25
Q

in a plant cell wall, what holds all the microfibrils together

A

a glue made of short, branched polysaccharides known as hemicelluloses and pectins that bind to the surface of the cellulose and to each other

26
Q

what are plasmodesmata

A

narrow fluid-filled channels that cross the cell walls making the cytoplasm of one cell continuous with th cytoplasm of the next

27
Q

what are xylem vessels

A

tubes of dead cells that transport water and minerals around plants

28
Q

what are phloem sieve tubes

A

tubes of alive cells that transport organic solutes such as sugars and amino acids

29
Q

describe how a transpiration stream works

A
  • water vapour diffuses out through the stoma down a diffusion gradient
  • water evaporates from the surfaces of cells lining the substomatal cavity
  • water is replaced by means of capillary action within the cell walls
  • water is drawn out of the xylem
  • a continuous column of water is drawn up through the xylem

Biology (7 decks)

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