Topic 4- Analysis of financial statements Flashcards
What are the performance/profitability ratios
Gross profit margin
operating profit margin
ROCE
Net asset turnover
what is Gross profit margin
gross profit margin shows the amount of profit after cost of sales/goods sold
Gross profit
÷
Sales rev
what is Operating profit margin
measures how much profit a company makes on a dollar of sales after paying for variable costs of production, such as wages and raw materials, but before paying interest or tax.
Operating profit
÷
Sales rev
What is return on capital employed? ROCE
Return to all providers of capital
ROCE gives a measure of how efficiently a business is using the funds available. It measures how much is earned per $1 invested.
Operating profit / (PBIT)
÷
Capital employed
Operating profit= Profit BEFORE interest and tax
CE= Total Assets - Current liabilities (leaves N/C Liabilities and Equity)
CE= Share capital + Reserves + Long term loans
What is net asset turnover (what does it indicate)
and the general formula
The asset turnover ratio can be used as an indicator of the efficiency with which a company is using its assets to generate revenue. The higher the asset turnover ratio, the more efficient a company is at generating revenue from its assets.
Sales Rev
÷
Capital employed (Equity and Non Current liabilities)
CE= Share capital + Reserves + Long term loans
show the two ways capital employed can be represented
CE= Share capital + Reserves + Long term loans
Or
CE= Total Assets - Current liabilities (leaves N/C Liabilities and Equity)
what are the liquidity ratios
current ratio quick ratio inventory turnover period receivables collection period payables payment period
What is the current ratio and the formula
The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures whether a firm has enough resources to meet its short-term obligations.
The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay current, or short-term, liabilities (debt and payables) with its current, or short-term, assets (cash, inventory, and receivables).
The higher the ratio, the better as it is more liquid
Current ratio= Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities
A measure of 2:1 means that current liabilities can be paid twice over out of existing current assets.
What is the quick ratio/ Acid test and the formula
The quick or acid test ratio:
measures how well current liabilities are covered by liquid assets
is particularly useful where inventory holding periods are long and therefore distort the current ratio. e.g. car manufacturing companies
Acid test = (CA- Inventory)÷ CL
A measure of 1:1 means that the company is able to meet existing liabilities if they all fall due at once.
What is the inventory holding period/days?
The length of time inventory is held between purchase and sale.
Inventory
___÷___ x 365
Cost of Sales
what is receivables collection period
Trade Receivables
÷ x 365
Credit sales / Revenue
what is payables payment period
Trade payables
÷ x 365
Credit purchases (or COS)
what are the gearing ratios/long term solvency
Gearing 1 & 2 formula
Interest cover
what is gearing formula one
i.e the ratio that shows us a degree of risk attached to the ocmpany
Debt/Equity
loans + Pref share capital
_________________________________
Ordinary share cap + Reserves + Non Controlling Interest
what is gearing formula two
% of capital employed represented as borrowings
Debt/(Debt + Equity)
loans + Pref share capital
_________________________________
Ordinary share cap + Reserves + Non Controlling Interest + Preference share capital
what is interest cover formula
Looks at the POV of P/L- How many times do we cover the interest that is payable in the P/L
Operating profit/ (PBIT)
÷
Interest payable
OP=Operating profits before debt interest and tax
what are the investor ratios
EPS
PE Ratio
Dividend yield
Dividend cover