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80% Quiz GCSE Chemistry > Topic 4 Acids (Higher) > Flashcards

Topic 4 Acids (Higher) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the particles that acids contain?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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2
Q

What are the particles that alkalis contain?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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3
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

A

H+ + OH- –> H2O

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4
Q

What is the formula for Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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5
Q

What is the formula for Sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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6
Q

What is the formula for Nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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7
Q

What is the formula for Sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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8
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A chemical with changes colour in acid or alkali

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9
Q

What is the colour of Universal indicator in acid, neutral and alkali?

A

Red, green, purple

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10
Q

What is the pH of a concentrated acid, neutral and concentrated alkali?

A

1, 7, 14

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11
Q

What is the colour change of phenolphthalein in going from alkali to acid?

A

Pink to colourless

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12
Q

What is the colour change of methy orange in going from alkali to acid?

A

Yellow to red

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13
Q

How does the concentration of an acid effect the pH?

A

The higher the concentration the lower the pH

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14
Q

How does the concentration of an alkali effect the pH?

A

The higher the concentration the higher the pH

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15
Q

Give and equation to calculate the concentration of a solution in g/dm3

A

concentration = amount of substance (g) / volume (dm3)

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16
Q

What is a dm3

A

1dm3 = 1000cm3 = 1Litre

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17
Q

How does the concentration of hydrogen ions effect the pH?

A

The higher the concentration the lower the pH

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18
Q

What happens to the concentration of hydrogen ions if an acid is diluted by a factor of 10?

A

It decreases by a factor of 10

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19
Q

What happens to the pH if an acid is diluted by a factor of 10?

A

It increases by 1

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20
Q

Name 2 ways that you can measure the pH of a solution

A

Using universal indicator and a chart or using a pH meter

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21
Q

What particles do acids contain?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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22
Q

What two ions does hydrochloric acid (HCl) form when it is dissolved in water?

A

H+ and Cl-

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23
Q

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. What happens when HCl dissolves in water?

A

All of the HCl dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions

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24
Q

What two ions does ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) form when it is dissolved in water?

A

H+ and CH3COO-

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25
Q

Ethanoic acid is a (CH3COOH) is a weak acid. What happens when CH3COOH dissolves in water?

A

Only a few of the CH3COOH molecules dissociate

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26
Q

Strong acids fully dissociate. What does dissociate mean?

A

Splits up into the ions it contains

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27
Q

Why is the pH of a weak acid higher than the pH of a strong acid of the same concentration?

A

The strong acid fully dissociates so produces more hydrogen ions, so has a lower pH

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28
Q

What type of compounds are bases ?

A

Metal oxides and hydroxides

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29
Q

Give a general equation for how an acid reacts with a base

A

Acid + base –> salt + water

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30
Q

What is the name of the type of reaction when a base is added to an acid?

A

neutralisation

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31
Q

What is a salt?

A

An ionic compound made between a metal and a non-metal

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32
Q

What type of salts does hydrochloric acid make?

A

Chlorides

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33
Q

What type of salts does sulphuric acid make?

A

Sulphates

34
Q

What type of salts does nitric acid make?

A

Nitrates

35
Q

What are the 4 main state symbols and what do they mean?

A

(s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) dissolved in solution

36
Q

Copper oxide is an insoluble base – what does copper oxide look like?

A

black powder

37
Q

Copper sulphate is a soluble salt – what does CuSO4 (s) and CuSO4 (aq) look like?

A

blue crystals and a blue solution

38
Q

Give the 3 main steps for making a soluble salt from acid and an insoluble base

A

Add excess base to the acid to neutralise it. Filter off the excess base. Evaporate the filtrate to give the salt

39
Q

Name the acid and the base that could be used to make copper sulphate

A

copper oxide and sulphuric acid

40
Q

What is an alkali ?

A

A soluble base

41
Q

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. What ions are produced when sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water?

A

Na+ and OH-

42
Q

Sodium hydroxide is an alkali – what does NaOH (aq) look like?

A

A colourless solution

43
Q

Give the formula and state symbol for the alkali sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH (aq)

44
Q

Alkalis are bases. Give the general reaction for how an acid reacts with an alkali

A

Acid + alkali –> salt + water

45
Q

What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with an alkali?

A

neutralisation

46
Q

What is the ionic equation for the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

A

H+ + OH- –> H2O

47
Q

What is the method called for adding an exact amount of acid to an alkali?

A

Titration

48
Q

List the main equipment used in a titration

A

Burette, pipette, conical flask, indicator

49
Q

In a titration what is the point at which the indicator changes colour?

A

End point

50
Q

What is the colour change of phenolphthalein in going from alkali to acid?

A

pink to colourless

51
Q

What is the colour change of methy orange in going from alkali to acid?

A

yellow to red

52
Q

List the main steps for making a soluble salt from an acid and an alkali using titration.

A

Pipette 25cm3 of alkali into a flask. Add a drop of indicator. Add acid from burette until it changes colour. Record the volume of alkali. Repeat again without indicator. Evaporate the solution to get the salt.

53
Q

Give the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal

A

acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen

54
Q

What is the name of the type of reaction when an acid reacts with a metal?

A

neutralisation

55
Q

State two things you would see when a metal such as magnesium reacts with an acid

A

fizzing and the metal would disappear

56
Q

What is the test for hydrogen gas?

A

Add a lit splint and get a squeaky pop

57
Q

Why do different metals react differently with acids?

A

Metals have different reactivity (reactivity series)

58
Q

Why would you not prepare a salt from reaction of a group 1 metal with acid?

A

It would be too reactive / dangerous

59
Q

Why would you not make copper sulphate from the reaction of copper and sulphuric acid?

A

Copper is low in the reactivity series and would react very slowly

60
Q

Give the formula and state symbol for Hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl (aq)

61
Q

Give the formula and state symbol for Sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4 (aq)

62
Q

Give the formula and state symbol for Nitric acid?

A

HNO3 (aq)

63
Q

Give the general equation for the reaction between and acid and a metal carbonate

A

acid + carbonate –> salt + carbon dioxide

64
Q

What is the name of the type of reaction when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

neutralisation

65
Q

State two thing you would see when a metal carbonate such as calcium carbonate reacts with an acid

A

the reaction would fizz and the carbonate would disappear

66
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?

A

Bubble through lime water and the lime water goes cloudy

67
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid formed in a solution reaction

68
Q

Name two groups of compounds that are always soluble

A

All group 1 metal compounds, all nitrates

69
Q

Name two insoluble chlorides

A

Silver chloride, lead chloride

70
Q

Name two insoluble sulphates

A

Barium sulphate, lead sulphate, calcium sulphate

71
Q

Which two groups of compounds are mostly insoluble?

A

Hydroxides and carbonates

72
Q

What is the rule for writing an equation for a precipitation reaction?

A

The ions from the two solutions reacting swap places

73
Q

What is the state symbol for a precipitate?

A

(s) solid

74
Q

In a solution precipitation reaction which state symbols would you expect to see in reactants and products?

A

reactants both would be (aq). Products one would be (aq) and one (s)

75
Q

List the steps to make an insoluble salt from a precipitation reaction

A

Add the two solutions together in the right quantities, filter off the precipitate, wash with some water, dry in an oven

76
Q

What are the rules for turning a symbol equation into an ionic equation?

A

Write out the full symbol equation. Split and ionic compounds in solution into the ions they contain. Cancel the spectator ions. Write what is left.

77
Q

In the neutralisation of an insoluble base (e.g. copper oxide) why don’t you split the base into ions?

A

The ionic compound is not in solution

78
Q

What is the ionic equation for the neutralisation of an alkali?

A

H+ + OH- –> H2O

79
Q

In the ionic equation for the reaction of a metal with acid the metal reacts to form metal ions. Is the metal oxidised or reduced?

A

oxidised (it loses electrons)

80
Q

In the ionic equation for the reaction of a metal with acid hydrogen ions from the acid form hydrogen gas. Is this oxidation or reduction?

A

reduction (it gains electrons)

81
Q

What is the ionic equation for a precipitation reaction?

A

the ions in the precipitate form the precipitate.

82
Q
A

80% Quiz GCSE Chemistry (3 decks)

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