Topic 1 Structure of atom and periodic table

Question 1

What are the names of the 3 sub-atomic particles?

Answer 1

proton, neutron and electron

Question 2

Where are protons and neutrons found?

Answer 2

in the nucleus

Question 3

Where are electrons found?

Answer 3

in shells around the outside of the atom

Question 4

What is the mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 4

mass = 1 charge = +1

Question 5

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

mass = 1 charge = 0

Question 6

What is the mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 6

mass = almost 0 charge = -1

Question 7

Where is all the mass of an atom found?

Answer 7

in the nucleus

Question 8

What is the overall charge on an atom?

Answer 8

neutral

Question 9

In a neutral atoms how is the number of electrons related to the number of protons?

Answer 9

Number of electrons = number of protons

Question 10

How big is the nucleus compared to the size of the atom?

Answer 10

the nucleus is tiny compared to the size of the atom

Question 11

What is the larger of the two numbers on the Periodic Table?

Answer 11

Relative atomic mass (mass number)

Question 12

What is the smaller of the two numbers on the Periodic Table?

Answer 12

Atomic number

Question 13

What does the atomic number of an atom tell you?

Answer 13

The number of protons

Question 14

What does the mass number of an atom tell you?

Answer 14

The number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 15

If the atomic number changes what happens to the atom?

Answer 15

The type of atom changes

Question 16

Which atom has 7 protons?

Answer 16

Nitrogen

Question 17

How can you calculate the number of electrons from the atomic number?

Answer 17

Number of electrons = number of protons = number of electrons

Question 18

If an atom has an atomic number of 8, how many electrons does it have?

Answer 18

8

Question 19

How can you calculate the number of neutrons from the mass number and the atomic number?

Answer 19

number of neutrons = mass number ? atomic number

Question 20

How are atoms of different elements different from each other?

Answer 20

They have a different number of protons

Question 21

What is the mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 21

mass = 1 charge = neutral

Question 22

How can an atom become heavier or lighter?

Answer 22

It can lose or gain a neutron

Question 23

What is an isotope?

Answer 23

A heavier or lighter atom made by losing or gaining an neutron

Question 24

Describe in terms of the sub atomic particles how isotopes of the same element are different from each other

Answer 24

They have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 25

What are the chemical properties of different isotopes like?

Answer 25

Isotopes have exactly the same chemical properties

Question 26

Why are the chemical properties of different isotopes the same?

Answer 26

They are the same atom with the same number of protons and electrons and so react in the same way.

Question 27

If an element contains a small amount of a heavier isotope what would happen to the mass of the element?

Answer 27

It would increase slightly

Question 28

What does the Relative Atomic Mass take into account?

Answer 28

The different isotopes and their abundance (how much of them there are)

Question 29

Why is the Relative Atomic Mass sometimes not be a whole number?

Answer 29

Because it is an average mass taking into account all of the different isotopes and their abundances

Question 30

Higher ? What is the equation to calculate the Relative atomic mass of an atom given the mass and % abundance of the different isotopes?

Answer 30

(%/100 x mass of isotope1) + (%/100 x mass of isotope2) + (%/100 x mass of isotope3) etc.

Question 31

How did Mendeleev organise elements in his early Periodic Table?

Answer 31

According to increasing mass of the atoms

Question 32

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Periodic Table ?

Answer 32

For elements that hadn?t yet been discovered

Question 33

What was similar about the elements in the same column in Mendeleev?s table?

Answer 33

They have similar chemical properties (he didn?t know about electrons!)

Question 34

Which elements did Mendeleev switch in his Periodic Table

Answer 34

Tellerium and Iodine

Question 35

Why did Mendeleev switch the position of some elements in his Periodic Table?

Answer 35

Because when they are ordered by mass the elements don?t have the same chemical reactions as other elements in their group

Question 36

What is a prediction?

Answer 36

An estimate based on the result fitting a pattern

Question 37

Why could Mendeleev predict the properties of elements that hadn?t been discovered?

Answer 37

Because how knew the properties of other elements in the same group and the properties fitted a pattern

Question 38

Describe one way that Mendeleev?s Periodic Table is different from the Modern Periodic Table

Answer 38

Mendeleev ordered his elements by increasing mass the modern Periodic Table is ordered according to increasing atomic number

Question 39

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 39

The number of protons

Question 40

How are elements arranged in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 40

In order of increasing atomic number

Question 41

What happens to the atomic number as you go along elements in the same period?

Answer 41

It increases by one each element

Question 42

Where are metals found in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 42

On the left hand side

Question 43

Where are non-metals found in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 43

On the right hand side

Question 44

What are the columns called in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 44

Groups

Question 45

Name 3 elements in group 1 of the Periodic Table

Answer 45

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium

Question 46

Name 3 elements in group 7 if the Periodic Table

Answer 46

Chlorine, Bromine, Fluorine

Question 47

What are the rows called in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 47

Periods

Question 48

Name the two elements in Period 1

Answer 48

Hydrogen and Helium

Question 49

How are Tellurium and Iodine arranged in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 49

Tellurium comes before Iodine as it has a lower atomic number

Question 50

Why is it correct to put Iodine in group 7 of the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer 50

It has similar chemical properties to the other elements in group 7

Question 51

How can ideas about isotopes explain why the mass of Tellurium is heavier than expected?

Answer 51

Tellurium has a number of heavier isotopes in high abundance which means it has a heavier mass than expected

Question 52

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 52

In shells around the outside of the atom

Question 53

What does the atomic number tell you about the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 53

The number of protons and therefore the number of electrons

Question 54

What is the rule for filling electrons in the first 3 shells?

Answer 54

2,8,8

Question 55

What is meant by the term ?electronic configuration??

Answer 55

The number of electrons written in the form 2,8,8

Question 56

Give the electronic configuration of the element with atomic number of 11

Answer 56

2,8,1

Question 57

What is similar about the electronic configuration of elements in the same group?

Answer 57

They all have the same number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 58

How does the electronic configuration of elements in the same period change as you move along the period?

Answer 58

One more electrons is added to the same shell

Question 59

Why are calcium and magnesium in the same group in the Periodic Table?

Answer 59

They both have two electrons in their outer shell

Question 60

Why are sodium and chlorine in the same period of the Periodic Table?

Answer 60

They both have their outer electrons in the same shell

Question 61

What can you say about the electronic configuration of metals in the Periodic Table?

Answer 61

They have 1, 2 or 3 extra electrons in their outer shell

Question 62

What can you say about the electronic configuration of non-metals in the Periodic Table?

Answer 62

They have 1, 2 or 3 gaps and need electrons to fill their outer shell

Question 63

What can you say about the electronic configuration of non-metals in the Periodic Table?

Answer 63

They have 1, 2 or 3 gaps and need electrons to fill their outer shell