topic 4

Question 1

Transkei - independent Bantustan but dependent on South Africa

Answer 1

1985 - 85% of Transkei income is directly from South African

Question 2

Defence spending 1985

Answer 2

4% of GDP, 13% total expenditure

Question 3

Tambo’s declaration 1985

Answer 3

MAKE SOUTH AFRICA UNGOVERNABLE

Question 4

1985 Protest climaxes in townships

Answer 4

burnt down by angry youths, ANC flags emerge and the slogan of ‘people’s power’

Question 5

how many people were killed as a result of political activity 1985

Answer 5

800

Question 6

conflict in Alexandra

Answer 6

1985 - Michael Diradeng shot by security, prompts 6 day war - night vigil where shops were petrol bombed

Question 7

police retaliation Diradeng’s funeral

Answer 7

tear gas funeral crowd of 6000 youths, killing 27

Question 8

governmental retaliation to Alexandra

Answer 8

1985 - State of Emergency called - Botha sends troops to townships
activists houses burnt down and arrests made in Alexandra

Question 9

Second State of Emergency effect on Alexandra

Answer 9

3,000 more arrests and all key leaders arrested

Question 10

Botha’s Joint Management Commitee

Answer 10

dismisses Black Councils in 1985 and now just a committee of white army and police to run townships

Question 11

Army Raid Botswana

Answer 11

1985 - kills 12 ANC members

Question 12

Botha and Mandela negotiations 1985

Answer 12

Botha - offers to release Mandela if they renounce violence and armed Struggle

Mandela - refuses- his response read out by his daughter at a UDF rally of 8,000 people in Soweto

Question 13

1986 - International condemnation in America

Answer 13

50 American companies withdraw investments from South Africa (40 do the same the next year)

Leads to financial crisis

Question 14

1986 - Transkeans killed by Zulus

Answer 14

over 100

Question 15

Angols independence

Answer 15

1987 - USA and SA support UNITA against the Marxist liberation group MPLA

Question 16

security force assassination

Answer 16

1987, as many as 40 assassinations, giving help to vigilante groups

Question 17

Mandela Wembley concert

Answer 17

1988 - 67 countries watched by 600 million people

Question 18

Mandela committee of government meetings

Answer 18

1988 - meets 50 times that year, receives political visitors

Question 19

Mandela’s freed `

Answer 19

11th Feb 1990

Question 20

Mandela’s first public meeting

Answer 20

Soweto, 1990 with a crowd of 120,000

Question 21

2nd Mandela Concert

Answer 21

1990 - global 500 million audience - 8 minute standing ovation and extended speech

Question 22

Seperate Amenities Act repealed and Breaches of Group Areas Act policed less fiercely

Answer 22

1990

Question 23

NP and ANC negotiations come to a halt - when? why?

Answer 23

1990 - NP lift the state of emergency but then arrest members of MK and CP
ANC publicly argue that although they have suspended armed struggle - havent fully abandoned it - ready to resume

in return - NP withdraw charges

Question 24

first CODESA

Answer 24

1991 - World Trade Center near Jan Smuts Airport, changed to Oliver Tambo arport

Question 25

when does Mandela become acting president of ANC

Answer 25

1991

Question 26

white referendum regarding negotiations

Answer 26

1992 - 69% vote yes - encouraging De Klek to continue

Question 27

CODESA 2 - when and what 3 principles agreed

Answer 27

1992 - release political prisoners - restrict Zulu - ban traditional weapons

Question 28

Inkatha ANC conflict 1992

Answer 28

Inkatha members kill 45 ANC supporters, Mandela suspends any negotation with Inkatha

Question 29

ANC March 1992

Answer 29

100,000 ANC supporters march to Bisho leads to forces opening fire - killing 30

Question 30

PAC violence 1993

Answer 30

brutally murder an American aid worker

Question 31

AWB resistance

Answer 31

Afrikaner resistance movement storm halls where negotiations and government meetings are taking place 1993

Question 32

Police forces 1981 - 1994

Answer 32

1981 - 50,000 | 1994 - 140,000

Question 33

first fully democratic elections - results

Answer 33

``` 1994 ANC win 60% of the vote NP win 20% making the Klerk the deputy Inkatha win 10% making Buthelezi a government minister PAC win 1% ```

Question 34

1996 new constitution

Answer 34

SA divided into 9 provinces with an elected government and civil service

Question 35

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Answer 35

1996

Question 36

1999 NP collapses

Answer 36

just 28 seats ANC's main opposition is the Liberal Party with jsut 34 seats PAC only 3 seats - showing a change in attitude to violent tactics