Topic 4 Flashcards
In what ways were the USA not isolationist in the 1920’s
> Naval Disarmament Conference > Open Door Policy > Dawes plan 1924 > Young plan 1929 > Kellog-Briand Pact 1928 >2/3 sugar, 1/2 venezualian oil american -american investments in Latin Am in 1929- $3.51 billion
When were the neutrality acts
1935
1936
1937
1939
The 1st neutrality act
> prohibited shipping of arms to nations at war
> US citizens travelling on ships of belligerent countries do so at their own risk
the 2nd neutrality act
> added embargo on loans and credit to belligerent nations
did not cover civil wars
did not cover materials suck as trucks + oil -> companies such as Standard oil and fors used loophole to sell items on credit to Francisco Franco in Spanish civil war
the 3rd neutrality act
> covered civil wars
passengers forbidden to travel on ships of belligerent countries
‘cash and carry’ clause meant countries could but arms if they paid in cash and transported themselves
the 4th neutrality act
> removed cash and carry clause except to GB
which organisations supported isolation
> Nye committee
> America First committee -850,000 members mid-40’s
why did america pass neutrality acts
> did not want bankers giving loans to countries at war
did not want to get involved in hostilities
wanted to make sure US manufacturers didnt sell arms to countries at war
USA had tradition of isolationism
which organisations supported interventionism
committee to defend Am. by defending the Allies
by how much did FDR secure a re-election in 1940
55% by popular vote
Lend Lease
March 1941 >agreement allowing GB to receive Am. loans and material to fight Nazism >to fight 4 human freedoms 1] freedom of speech 2]freedom of worship 3] freedom from want 4] freedom from fear > supported because of blitz and u-boats attacks -> GB couldnt replace ships as quickly as G were destroying them
Who did people support at the beginning of WW2
82% - allies
2% - nazis
14%- neutrality
Atlantic Charter
Policy statement by GB and Am. in Aug 1941 that set out allied goals for post-war world
>Newfoundland
> Selective Service Act Sept.1941 -> compulsory for all men 21-36 to register for military service
Pearl Harbor (why, what, consequences)
> USA cut off J. oil and steel supplies -A. had 2/3 of oil
J. wanted china, Gb and dutch colonies that had oil and rubber American Pacific fleet @ PH could stop them
7th Dec 1941
day that will live in imfamy
2.5 thou killed
8 battleships
3 cruisers and destroyers
200 airplanes
Dec 8th Am declare war on J.
Dec 9th G declare war on Am
Dec 11th Am declare war on G and its allies
Good Neighbour policy
1932-36
> trade, cultural and economic agreements with Latin Am.
> renounce military force and intervention
> 1934- end Platt Amendment
Social impact of WW2
> ended depression
full time employment -> increased living standards
Women -> allowed in jobs by 1944 1/3 workforce
physical distance so many oblivious -> 70% said they felt no real sacrifice
Af-Ams able to move into managerial jobs
Af-Ams 125,000 served and 1st black fighter squadron -> Tuskegee Airmen
income pp 1939- $641 1945- $1515
Impact of ww2 on minorities
> discrimination -> strikes in detroit
Japanese internment camps -> 1942 war office allowed, 2/3 native born americans, $400m. lost as property was taken. Santa Anita Race Track
Rationing WW2
> rubber 1st to be rationed -> J. had 97% of rubber = synthetic industry
Cars- wheels, gas, fuel
sugar- except coca-cola and wrigleys gum
speed limit- 35mph to reduce deaths and fuel
shoes to 2pp
support for WW2
> propaganda
Hollywood- cinemas 24/7 and 100 million Ams went to cinema every week
radio -fireside chats
key dates of WW2
1944- It completely taken
6th June 1944 D-Day
7th May G surrender
what was the alliance between GB, USSR and USA
marriage of convenience
name the three post war conferences
Tehran, Yalta, Postdam
Tehran conference
1943
> Grande Alliance
> GB and Am agree ti 2nd front in F in 1944
> after war USSR = part of Poland and Poland =part of G
> UN formed
Yalta Conference
Feb 1945
Grande Alliance
> G and Berlin divided into 4 zones
> war crimes tribunal will occur
>liberated countries in East Europe will be able to have elections
> R join war with J 3 months after G defeat
> Baltic states go to USSR
Potsdam conference
July 1945 > not GA > 4 zones ran by control councils > german elections held > Nuremberg trials > USSR take 25% more rep. than the others
what was the A-Bomb project called
Manhattan Project
when did FDR die
april 1945
where was the a-bomb trialed
> Mexican Desert
> Trinity
how many were killed in the bombings
H- 100,000
N- 60,000
+ 100,000 from radiation
what was the cost of the A-Bomb
$2bm.
employed 120,000
why did Am. drop the a-bomb
> reduce US casulties -> est. 1m.
revenge for PH
show the world Am. power
test the bomb
impact of war on USA
> economy expanded > industrial cap. unrivalled > tecnological lead > untouched physically > more food than needed > 0.3% of pop. died >SUPERPOWER
