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AS Level Am History > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how did immigration help post war attitudes and the red scare

A

> Many Ams. concerned about changing imm. suspicious of imm from S. + E. Europe
Salsedo
Leon Czolgosz
Sacco + Vanzetti

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2
Q

Salsedo

A

> arrested in NY
denied fair trial or legal rep.
prisoner 8 weeks with no contact with family or lawyer
found 14 floors down from room -> claimed suicide?

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3
Q

Leon Czolgosz

A

> polish

> ass. Mck in 1901

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4
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti

A 
> arrested for robbery of $16,000 in April 1920
> Two killed 
> spent 7 yrs on Death Row
> Aug 1927 electric chair (martyr)
> riots in Berlin, Paris and Geneva
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5
Q

how did WW1 help post war attitudes and the red scare

A

> patriotism = atmosphere of anti- foreigners. -> L.wing or disloyal
leader of Socialist Labour Party arrested during war - Eugene Debs
Robert Goldstein made anti-GB film The Spirit of ‘76 was arrested

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6
Q

Scopes Trial

A 
July 1925
> John Scopes taught Darwinism 
> taken to court
> Darrow (defence) Vs W.J. Bryan 
> fined $100 and fired
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7
Q

how did Russian Revolution help post war attitudes and the red scare

A

> Bolshevik Party success in Russia
aims to World Revolution
many felt Am. might have similar uprising

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8
Q

how did strikes help post war attitudes and the red scare

A 
> 4m. striked in 1919
> general Strike in Seattle -> feb 1919
> Boston police force Sept 1919
> Great Steel Strike 1919 -> 350,000 striked over 12hr shift 7 day a week 
> over pay, cond and hours
> labelled 'reds'
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9
Q

how did bombing help post war attitudes and the red scare

A

> April 1919, 36 mail bombs found to be delivered 1st may
June 1919 Attorney General Palmer house bombed
Sept 1920 Wall St. bomb killed 31
fueled Red Scare

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10
Q

how did Palmer Raids help post war attitudes and the red scare

A

> Nov 1919
arrested anyone suspected of plotting against state
magasine offices, private houses, union HQ, and Public meetings
NY day 1920 6,000 rounded up in 1 night
purge Am. of ‘foreign born subversivness and agitators’
10,000 arrested in total and deportations
Set up Anti-Radicalist Division in Justice Dep.
palmer predicted attack on White House May day 1920 -> nothing happened so faded out
palmer motivations? president?

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11
Q

What was the 1st KKK

A

> formed in 1867 as result of Civil War
Against 13th, 14th + 15th Ammendment (x-slavery, civil rights + voting rights)
S. lost slaves from plantations
Jim Crow Laws and Black codes (legalised segregation)
1874- 2,000-14,000 members

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12
Q

underlying attitudes and events which created sympathy for KKK

A 
> perceived corruption (Tammany Hall)
> willingness to work for low wages and keep them low
> loyalty?
> Communist?
> drinking culture
> Red scare (sacco + Vanzetti ect)
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13
Q

Anti Black attitudes in KKK

A

> 2 million Af-Am. left S. for N. e.g. Detroit -> took jobs
Af-Am. who fought in WW1 accepted white supremecy less
race riot 1919 killed 38

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14
Q

Anti-Modern attitudes in KKK

A

> big cities undermined morality -> e.g. women -> flappers, smoke, drink, work, vote and diff. fashion.

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15
Q

> how did the KKK increase its support

A 
> Exploitation of Imm. 
> Anti- Af-Am. feeling 
> birth of a nation
> rituals
>Professional promoters
> red scare
> morality
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16
Q

Exploitation of Immigrants in KKK

A

> spread hysteria

> camapigned against Catholic Al-Smith in 1928 election

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17
Q

birth of a nation for KKK

A

> D.W.Griffiths
1915
glorified Klan
demonised Af.Ams

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18
Q

rituals in KKK

A

> burning crosses
hoods
mysterious names e.g. Imperial wizard = Hiram Evans, Grand Dragon of Indiana= G.stephenson
lynchings -> death rate 42% higher in Harlem,
1901- G.White tried to make federal crime- rejected.
official record say 239 lynched (false)
‘pickford ben’ senator of S.Carolina lyncher -> frazier Baker

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19
Q

Professional promoters in KKK

A 
> Elizabeth Taylor and Edward Clarke
> Fiery Cross Newspaper
> 1919- 100,000
> 1925- 5m.
> 60% White collar
> 40% blue collar
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20
Q

who were the main rivals to KKK

A

NAACP

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21
Q

fall of KKK

A

> D.stephenson charged 25 years for rape and manslaughter
ruined image of defenders of womanhood and purity
fraud and corruption charges increased
Anti-Imm. feeling decreased

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22
Q

Why was there an economic boom in 1920’s

A 
> impact of WW1
> Mass production
>raw materials
> policies of presidents
> expansion of credit and consumerism
23
Q

impact of WW1 on eco. boom

A

> mass production techniques and war profit put Am. in lead
US steels profits double in war
General Motors yearly profit x3 to $22m.
Am. didnt have to recover like other countries

24
Q

Mass production on eco. boom

A

> ‘Taylorism’ and mass production .
1920- 60,000 radio sets made, 1929- 10m
Model T ford- 1913 1 car every 12.5hrs, 1920’s 1 car every 93 ,mins
cars on road- 1920-8m, 1930-23m
cost of car- 1914 $951 1929 -$290
led to expansion of cities = cinema
cinema- 1922- 40m tickets pw, 1929- 100m.pw
1927- silents
1927-> talkies

25
Q

raw materials on eco. boom

A 
cars
> 75% glass
> 96% oil
> 65^ leather
> 80% rubber
>20% steel
> meant industries could grow rapidly
26
Q

rep. presidents policies on eco. boom

A

LASSEZ-FAIRE
> Warren Harding -> except when neccessary -> federal highway act 1921 -> national highway system $75m. a year.
Fordney McCumber Act 1922 - increased import tarriffs on foreign food by ±38%
> Coolidge (1923->) Revenue Act 1925 ct taxes on income and inheritance tax
> Sec of Treasury A.Mellon reduced taxes by 50%to25% for rich and 4%to3% for poor

27
Q

expansion of credit and customer demand on eco.boom

A

> wages rose on average by $5
credit became more avaliable 1929 80% radios and 60% of cars
average working week went from 47.4hrs to 44.2hrs

28
Q

Why was immigration restricted in 1920’s

A 
> red scare
> employment
> burden to soc.
> inferior
> anti-foreign feeling
29
Q

how did the red scare cause immigration restrictions in 1920’s

A

> 1917 Bolshevik revolution spread fear they wanted world revolution
Am. felt imm. would try to over throw gov. to create communist Am.

30
Q

how did employment cause immigration restrictions in 1920’s

A

> took jobs
caused KKK to grow and use as excuse
S.Gomper (Jewish) leader of AFL stated that Imm. took jobs and down down wages

31
Q

how did burden on soc. cause immigration restrictions in 1920’s

A

> Immigration Act 1917 banned homosexuals, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, polygamists and anarchists

32
Q

how did inferiority cause immigration restrictions in 1920’s

A

> Immigration Act 1917 banned homosexuals, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, polygamists and anarchists
Eugenics supported J-R ACt 1924
Asians could not be naturalised

33
Q

how did anti- imm feelings cause immigration restrictions in 1920’s

A

> Many Ams. concerned about changing imm. suspicious of imm from S. + E. Europe
Salsedo
Leon Czolgosz
Sacco + Vanzetti

34
Q

Immigration Act 1917

A

> raised price entry for Imm.
denied entry to homosexuals, criminals, epileptics, insane persons, alcoholics, polygamists and anarchists
barred imm. over 16 who couldn’t speak 30-80 words
designated ‘Asiatic Barred Zone’

35
Q

Emergency Quota Act 1921

A

> GNP dropped 10% 1920-21, unemp. rose by 5m.
set overall limit of 357,000 imm py.
set quota at 3% of the number of foreign born residents from those groups who lived in the USA in 1910

36
Q

Johnson-Reed Act 1924

A

> permanent
excluded Asians as they could not be naturalised (according to act of 1790)
no limits on Imm. for L.Am.
2% of the number of foreign born residents from those groups who lived in the USA in 1890
150,000 py
eugeniscists agreed with act as N.European were superior
S.Gopers, AFL, agreed as Imm. drove down wages and took jobs
Imm. from It fell 90% (200,000 to 4000)

37
Q

why was prohibition undermined

A 
> organised crime
> corruption
>problems with the running of prohibition
>Anti-prohibition campaignes
> increased alcohol consumption
> health
38
Q

organised crime

A

> bootlegging
Speakeasies e.g. The Cotton Club
Torrio-Capone T retired to It. i 1925 with $30m.
C by 1927 had $27m
1927-31- 227 gangland murders for which no on was prosecuted
Homicide doubled
St.Valentines day murder 1929- C gang killed 6 members of ‘bugs’ moran gang.

39
Q

Corruption in Prohibition

A

> Capone bought off Bill Thompson and purchased Cicero Tribune that was campaigning against him
Torrio paid for protection of mayor and rigged votes

40
Q

problems with the running of Prohibition

A 
>only 1,500 agents
> not harsh punishments as corrupt
> 29,000 km of coastline not covered -> Purple Gang across canadian border
> Bill McCoy rum runner had faster boats
> cost $13.4m. not enough
41
Q

Anti prohibition campaignes

A

National Association Against the prohibition Ammendment 1918
Womens organisation for national prohibition reform 1929 -> 100,000 members in weeks
> jobs from alcohols pro. and taxes

42
Q

why was prohibition undermined

A

> organised crime
corruption
problems with the running of prohibition
Anti-prohibition campaignes
increased alcohol consumption- arrest x3 death x600%
health -> moonshine and rotgut alcohol made people ill

43
Q

in what ways did some Ams. not share in eco.boom

A

> 12m. below poverty line -> 42%
5% recieved 1/3 all income
poorest 40% recieved 12.5% of income
national income to poorest 60% fell by 13% 1918-29

44
Q

Farmers after WW1

A

> prospered during war
as war ended other countries produced themselves
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act meant other countries increase imports from Am = harder to export
prohibition damaged grain ind.
US farm income 1919- $22bn. 1928 $13bn
Average farmer produced enough for 15 families
prices fell 50%. Value of farmland fell 30%
Agricultural Credits Act 1923 and Capper-Volstead Act 1923 not enough
by 1924 600,000 lost land, 16m. on income less than $200

45
Q

Workers and industries after WW1

A

> coal (by 10%) and construction decreased
areas such as New England, W.Virginia and Kentucky and S suffered
TU membership fell 5.03 to 3.6 in 1920’s
‘yellow dog’ contracts - employed if they didn’t join TU
500 small banks failed every year

46
Q

Af-Ams. and Native Am.

A

> Sharecroppers
85% in South
1m. migrated N to Detroit, Chicago and NY

47
Q

what is Normalcy

A

Warran Harding used to outline what his main policy would be as president. He meant he would take the USA back to the way things had been before the war, becoming more isolationist.

48
Q

Relations with Europe after WW1

A

> ‘not needed internationally but nationally’
HOWEVER
Dawes plan 1924
Young Plan 1929
Kellog-Briand Pact 1928 - 60 nations renounce war
Naval Dissarmament conference 1921 (Am.GB + J 5:3:5)

49
Q

relations with Asia after WW1

A

> Open Door Policy regarding China to stop comminism spreading
Nine Power Treaty 1922

50
Q

relations with Americas after WW1

A

> MD states in sphere of influence so isolationist not needed
cuban trade 2/3 sugar, 1/2 venezualian oil american -american investments in Latin Am in 1929- $3.51 billion
US forces to Nicuragua
USA occupied Haiti and Dominican Republic

51
Q

women in 1920’s

A 
> vote 20th Aug 1920 19th Ammendment
> 1929- 10m had jobs
> 1925- T Model cars aimed at Women
> Divorce x2
> 1925- 1st female state gov of Wyoming
> 1926- 1st female mayor of seattle

> 1920 43.7% graduates female

52
Q

Farmers after WW1

A

> prospered during war
as war ended other countries produced themselves
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act meant other countries increase imports from Sm = harder to export
prohibition damaged grain ind.
US farm income 1919- $22bn. 1928 $13bn
Average farmer produced enough for 15 families
prices fell 50%
Agricultural Credits Act 1923 and Capper-Volstead Act 1923 not enough
by 1924 600,000 lost land, 16m. on income less than $2,00pa

53
Q

Relations with Europe

A 
> 'not needed internationally but nationally'
>HOWEVER
>Dawes plan 1924
> Young Plan 1929
> Kellog-Briand Pact 1928
> Naval Dissarmament conference 1921

AS Level Am History (4 decks)

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