Topic 4 Flashcards
What were the economic causes of U.S. entry into WWI?
Post-war demobilization, economic recession, labor strikes
These factors created a climate that pushed the U.S. towards involvement in WWI.
What is Efficiency Progressivism?
A movement focused on improving efficiency in the economy and government operations
It aimed to apply scientific principles to social problems.
What was the Republican presidential administrations’ stance on the economy?
The ‘Business of America’
This phrase reflects the belief that government should facilitate business growth.
What does the expansion of a credit economy refer to?
Increased reliance on credit for consumer purchases and investments
This shift contributed to consumerism and economic growth in the early 20th century.
What were the consequences of technological innovation in the early 20th century?
Consumerism, capitalism, and early suburbanization
Innovations led to increased production and changes in living patterns.
What is welfare capitalism?
A system in which businesses provide welfare-like benefits to employees
This aimed to prevent labor unrest and promote loyalty.
What characterized the agricultural depression of the early 20th century?
Declining farm prices and economic hardship for farmers
This contributed to broader economic challenges in the U.S.
What is Wilsonian moral diplomacy?
A foreign policy approach emphasizing moral principles and democracy
It guided U.S. interventions in the Caribbean and Mexico.
What was the impact of Wilsonianism on U.S. entry into WWI?
Promoted the idea that the U.S. should intervene to spread democracy
This ideology was a significant factor in the decision to join the war.
What were the psychological consequences of the modernization of warfare?
Trauma and changes in public perception of war
The experiences of WWI altered societal views on conflict.
Who was George Creel?
Chairman of the Committee on Public Information
He was responsible for promoting the war effort through propaganda.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that ended WWI
It included provisions for the League of Nations and reparations.
What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
An agreement to outlaw war as a means of conflict resolution
Signed by multiple nations in the interwar period.
What was the Sedition Act?
A law that prohibited speech deemed disloyal during WWI
It was used to suppress dissent against the war.
What was Schenck v. U.S.?
A Supreme Court case that upheld restrictions on free speech during wartime
The ruling established the ‘clear and present danger’ standard.
What was the Espionage Act?
A law that penalized spying and anti-war activities
It was enacted to protect national security during WWI.
Who was Eugene Debs?
A socialist leader imprisoned for anti-war activism
He was a prominent figure in American labor movements.
What was the Red Scare?
A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftism
It led to widespread paranoia and government crackdowns.
What was Herbert Hoover’s vision for government?
A technocratic vision focused on efficiency and the associational state
He believed in collaboration between government and business.
What was the Great Migration?
The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North
This shift occurred during and after WWI, changing demographics.
What role did African-American military service play in WWI?
Service in the 92nd and 93rd divisions
Their contributions challenged racial stereotypes.
What was the Red Summer?
A series of race riots in the U.S. in 1919
It was fueled by racial tensions and returning veterans.
What was the significance of the 1921 attack on Tulsa’s Greenwood district?
A racially motivated massacre that destroyed a prosperous African American community
Known as the Tulsa Race Massacre, it highlighted racial violence.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural movement celebrating African American arts and identity
It produced significant literary and artistic achievements.
What does ‘100% Americanism’ refer to?
A nationalist sentiment promoting loyalty to American ideals
It often targeted immigrant communities.
What was the National Origins Act of 1924?
A law that restricted immigration based on national origin
It aimed to preserve the racial composition of the U.S.
What was the Second KKK?
A resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, promoting white supremacy
It included a significant women’s auxiliary.
What was the Women’s Peace Party?
An organization advocating for peace and women’s rights during WWI
It played a role in anti-war activism.
What was the role of women during WWI?
Mobilization in various sectors, including industry and nursing
Women took on roles traditionally held by men.
Who was Katherine Magnolia Johnson?
An activist for black women’s rights during the interwar period
She contributed to social justice movements.
Who was Alice Paul?
A leader in the women’s suffrage movement advocating for the ERA
She was instrumental in the passage of the 19th Amendment.
What was the home economics movement?
A movement focused on improving household management and women’s roles
It promoted the idea of women as consumers and homemakers.
What does ‘Mrs. Consumer’ refer to?
The idealized image of women as primary consumers in the household
This reflected changing gender roles in society.
What characterized the modernization of femininity in the 1920s?
Changes in fashion and social norms for women
This era saw a shift towards more liberated expressions of femininity.
What is eugenics?
A movement aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population
It often intersected with social policies in the early 20th century.
What was Buck v. Bell?
A Supreme Court case that upheld forced sterilizations
It was a significant case related to eugenics.
What does ‘from Babbitt to Babe Ruth’ signify?
The transition from conformist middle-class values to a celebration of sports and celebrity
It reflects cultural changes in the 1920s.
What is the Lost Generation?
A group of American writers disillusioned by WWI and its aftermath
They often critiqued American society and values.
What is modernism in the context of the 1920s?
A cultural movement embracing new ideas and artistic expressions
It often challenged traditional norms.
What does ‘return to normalcy’ refer to?
A call for a return to pre-war life and values post-WWI
It was a significant theme in the 1920 presidential campaign.
What defines middlebrow culture?
A blend of high culture and popular culture aimed at the middle class
It included literature, art, and entertainment accessible to a broad audience.
What role did consumerism play in the 1920s?
Increased focus on purchasing goods and the consumer lifestyle
It was fueled by advertising and mass production.
What impact did automobiles have in the 1920s?
Transformations in transportation, urban planning, and culture
They contributed to suburbanization and changed social interactions.
What was the significance of radios in the 1920s?
A new medium for mass communication and entertainment
Radios helped shape public opinion and culture.
What was the role of motion pictures and Hollywood in the 1920s?
A major source of entertainment and cultural influence
Hollywood became synonymous with film production.
What is youth culture in the 1920s characterized by?
Emergence of distinct lifestyles and values among young people
It included new fashions, music, and social behaviors.
What is Jazz?
A musical genre that originated in African American communities
It became a defining feature of 1920s culture.
What was prohibition?
The nationwide ban on alcohol production and sale from 1920 to 1933
It led to the rise of illegal speakeasies and organized crime.
What was Protestant fundamentalism?
A religious movement emphasizing a literal interpretation of the Bible
It became prominent in response to modernism.
What was the Scopes Trial?
A legal case challenging the teaching of evolution in schools
It highlighted the conflict between science and religion in America.
