Topic 3 Flashcards
What is mass production?
The process of producing goods in large quantities using standardized methods.
Mass production revolutionized manufacturing and reduced costs.
What does Taylorism refer to?
A management theory that analyzes workflows to improve efficiency.
Developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor.
What was Ford’s Assembly line?
A manufacturing process that uses a conveyor belt to move products through different stages of production.
Significantly increased production speed and lowered costs.
Define welfare capitalism.
A system in which businesses provide social welfare programs to their employees.
Aimed at improving worker satisfaction and loyalty.
What event is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire known for?
A tragic industrial disaster that resulted in the deaths of 146 garment workers.
Led to significant labor reform and improved workplace safety regulations.
What does Progressive labor reform entail?
Efforts aimed at improving working conditions, wages, and rights for workers.
Included legislation for labor rights and safety standards.
How did imperialism relate to cheap labor?
Imperialism provided access to cheap labor and new markets for goods.
Often involved the exploitation of colonized peoples.
What was the Spanish American War?
A conflict in 1898 between the United States and Spain, leading to U.S. territorial gains.
Resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
What were the US territories gained after the Spanish American War?
- Puerto Rico
- Guam
- Philippines
- Cuba (independence)
Marked a significant expansion of U.S. influence.
What are the 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments?
- 17th: Direct election of U.S. Senators
- 18th: Prohibition of alcohol
- 19th: Women’s suffrage
Each amendment reflects significant social and political changes in the U.S.
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
The 26th President of the United States known for his progressive policies and conservation efforts.
Advocated for the Antiquities Act and established several national parks.
What is the Antiquities Act?
A law that allows the president to designate national monuments.
Used by Roosevelt to protect significant natural and cultural resources.
Who were Gifford Pinchot and John Muir?
- Gifford Pinchot: First Chief of the U.S. Forest Service, advocate for conservation.
- John Muir: Naturalist and advocate for the preservation of wilderness.
Their differing views represented the conservation vs. preservation debate.
What is Hetch Hetchy?
A valley in California that became a controversial dam site.
The debate over its use highlighted the conflict between conservation and development.
What are National Parks?
Protected areas established to conserve natural beauty and wildlife.
The National Park Service was established to manage these lands.
What was the Panama Canal?
A man-made waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Significantly shortened maritime travel routes and was a major engineering feat.
What was the Pure Food and Drug Act?
A law aimed at preventing the sale of adulterated or mislabeled food and drugs.
Part of the consumer protection movement in the early 20th century.
What was the significance of the Coal Strike?
A major labor strike in 1902 that highlighted the need for federal intervention in labor disputes.
Led to the establishment of the principle of arbitration.
What was the debate over imperialism focused on?
The implications of U.S. expansion into Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines.
Raised questions about democracy, race, and morality.
What was W.E.B. DuBois’s contribution to civil rights?
Co-founder of the NAACP and advocate for racial equality and civil rights.
Promoted higher education for African Americans.
What is the NAACP?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, focused on civil rights.
Founded in 1909 to combat racial discrimination.
What was Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise?
An agreement that emphasized vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans.
Advocated for gradual integration and improvement of social conditions.
What was the Black Women’s Club Movement?
A network of clubs focused on social activism and community improvement among Black women.
Addressed issues like education, health, and civil rights.
What is ‘Birth of a Nation’?
A controversial film that portrayed African Americans negatively and glorified the Ku Klux Klan.
Its release sparked protests and discussions about race in America.
Who were the Muckrakers?
Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices in the early 20th century.
Notable muckrakers included Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis.
What is urbanization?
The process of population shift from rural to urban areas.
Associated with industrialization and changes in living conditions.
What are tenements?
Overcrowded and often unsafe apartment buildings in urban areas.
Commonly inhabited by immigrant and low-income families.
What does Social Justice refer to?
The pursuit of equality and fairness in society.
Includes issues like economic disparity, human rights, and access to resources.
What role did electricity play in urban development?
Facilitated the growth of cities by powering homes, industries, and public transport.
Revolutionized daily life and increased urbanization.
What were streetcars used for?
Public transport systems that facilitated urban commuting.
Played a key role in the development of cities in the late 19th century.
What was the Chicago, White City, 1893?
A nickname for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition showcasing architectural beauty.
Highlighted advancements in culture, technology, and urban planning.
What is the Eugenics Movement?
A social movement aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human population.
Often associated with controversial and unethical practices.
What is Yellow Journalism?
Sensationalist and often misleading journalism aimed at attracting readers.
Played a role in shaping public opinion during events like the Spanish American War.
What does the Rise of Professionalism refer to?
The growth of professional occupations and standards in various fields.
Emphasized education, ethical standards, and specialization.
