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marine science > topic 4 > Flashcards

topic 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a mollusk?

A

softbodied organism with bilateral symmetry with a head, foot, and coiled visceral mass

bivalve, gastropod, cephalopod

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2
Q

mollusk reproduction

A

r strategists, some are hermaphroditic, most are sexually dimorphic

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3
Q

bivalves

A

mollusks with two shells(CaCo3) held together with a ligament
- broadcast spawners
- shell kept closed by adductor muscles

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4
Q

bivalve structure

A

siphon tube: snorkel/straw that is used for respiration and propelling itself and eating (ALL ARE FILTER FEEDERS)

foot: tongue looking thing to move

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5
Q

what are gastropods?

A

2/3 of all mollusks, means “stomach foot”
univalves (one shell)

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6
Q

gastropod structures

A

no blood vessels, just heart that pumps blood around
anterior tentacle touches and tastes/posterior tentacle perceives light
secrete mucus for locomotion
radula: ribbon like tooth for consuming dead and dying
some are predators

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7
Q

gastropod reproduction

A

hermaphodites
internal fertilization and external development
fertilized eggs are dropped directly into water or egg cases

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8
Q

what are cephalopods?

A

means “head foot”
bilateral body symmetry
excellent swimmers through jet propulsion

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9
Q

cephalopod body plan

A

all the bivalve features plus beak, grasping arms, chromatophores, complex brain, no shell

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10
Q

cephalopod feeding

A

eat fish and crustaceans
kills prey with beak (injects with venom)

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11
Q

cephalopod reproduction

A

separate sexes breed in shallow water
male delivers sperm packe to female for octopuses
squid deposit clusters of eggs

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12
Q

cnidarians

A

all have sting cells called nematocysts that were inherited with a single ancestor

corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish

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13
Q

cnidarian reproduction

A

r strategists, sexual or asexual
can be hermaphroditic
fertilization can occur externally or internally

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14
Q

jellyfish

A

free swimming w a bell and stinging tentacles with a nerve net, no central system

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15
Q

jellyfish body plan

A

medusa, mesoglea, mouth=anus

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16
Q

medusa

A

umbrella shaped structure w two membranes, epidermis and gastrodermis

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17
Q

mesoglea

A

the gel stuff in a jellyfish

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18
Q

jellyfish locomotion

A

contract medusa to propel itself
primarily uses wind and tides so can be considered plankton

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19
Q

jellyfish feeding

A

tentacles contain stinging cells called cnidoblasts that paralyze prey, cnidoblasts have coiled thread w barb called nematocyst (gets triggered and shoots)

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20
Q

jellyfish reproduction

A

separate sexes reproduce sexually and asexually
gonads in 4 leaf clover pattern in medusa, some are broadcast spawners

21
Q

what are corals?

A

smaller animals that make up larger structure, is a habitat

22
Q

coral polyp

A

soft bodied structure that makes up the animal, can live individually

23
Q

coral feeding

A

each polyp has ring of tentacles covers in cnidoblasts that captures different organisms

24
Q

coral and zooxanthellae

A

algae photosynthesize then shares food and O2 with the coral, builds the reef

25
Q

two types of coral

A

stony(CaCO3) and soft(fibrous protein)

26
Q

coral reproduction

A

broadcast spawner

27
Q

what are arthropods?

A

largest phylum of mostly insects: have a segmented body, jointed appendages, and crunchy exoskeleton

28
Q

crustacean biology

A

have gills and exoskeleton, compound eyes and two pairs of antennae

29
Q

crustacean nervous system and brain

A

simple brain and well developed sensory system with a ladder like nervous system that is more centralized for crabs and lobsters

30
Q

crustacean reproduction

A

sexes are separate, sexual dimorphism, internal fertilization, females carry the eggs with special legs called pleopods

31
Q

crustacean groups

A

small crustaceans, amphipods and isopods, barnacles, decapods, shrimp and lobsters

32
Q

small crustaceans

A

plankton, etc.
copepods are simplest members, they are filter feeders that sweep food into their mouth

33
Q

barnacles

A

sessile(attached to surface) filter feeders with a calcium shell and cirri, which are stiff bristles that are legs

34
Q

amphipods and isopods

A

amphipods: curved body, tiny with specialized appendages

isopods: large and small, mostly decomposers

35
Q

krill or euphausiids

A

planktonic, distinct carapace

36
Q

the decapods

A

shrimp, lobsters, and crabs that have 5 pairs of legs, called pleopods

37
Q

cephalothorax

A

the head and thorax fused together of the decopods

38
Q

tail of decapods

A

pleaon, is the abdomens

39
Q

shrimps and lobsters

A

tube shaped, shrimp are mostly scavengers while lobsters are nocturnal scavengers and predators

40
Q

true crabs

A

brachyurans, largest and most diverse group with abdomen tucked under cephalothorax, highly mobile scavengers/predatos

41
Q

convergent evolution and perfect form

A

separate things evolve similarly
carcinization driven by natural selection

42
Q

other arthropods

A

horseshoe crabs and sea spiders

43
Q

chordates

A

animals that have dorsal nerve cord, notocord, post anal tail, pharnygeal gill slits at one point in their lives(generally embryonic stage)

44
Q

tunicates

A

type of chordate – sea squirt, primitive and hermaphroditic

44
Q

acorn worm

A

primitive chordate, suspended in water column or the sand

44
Q

protochordates

A

first with early form of vertebrae, not official group

45
Q

lancelets

A

a chordate transparent and fishlike that eat plankton, poorly developed

45
Q

jawless fish

A

lamprey and hagfish are the only two left

marine science (2 decks)

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