test 2 Flashcards
productivity
amount of photosynthesis in a given area
gpp vs npp
npp = gpp-amount respired
trophic levels
level in an ecosystem
order of producers/consumers
primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, quaternary consumer
how much energy is passed from trophic level to trophic level
10%
Why isn’t 100% of energy passed along as you move from one trophic level to another?
energy is always burned or lost as heat
biomass
amount of living things in a certain area (volume)
How does the biomass at the bottom of a trophic pyramid compare to the biomass at the top? Why is there a difference?
a lot less at the top (10% less every step up)
there is a difference because there are less resources availabele every step up
food web vs food chain
food chain is who eats who, food web is a map of all of the food chains
arrows of a food web
represent flow of energy
biodiversity
what are the three types?
variety of life and species
habitat, genetic, species
habitat diversity
variety of ecosystems
species diversity
various types of species in a given area
genetic diversity and why is it important
multiple genes in a species, species can adapt better
productivity and species in one area link
the more productivity, the more plants, the more species in one area
species richness vs species evenness
species richness: multiple different kinds of species
species evenness: evenly distributed species
keystone species
predator that regulates the whole ecosystem
generalists and specialists
generalists can do anything, specialists can’t adapt as well
ecological tolerance
range of conditions an organism can live in
optimal range, zone of physiological
stress, zone of intolerance
disturbance
change in an ecosystem
options when faced w disturbance
die off, move, or evolve
adaptations
when genes are passed on because of an individual’s suitability
extinction
when a species dies out
how many species have gone extinct in the world
99%
