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criminology year 2 unit 4 > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

retribution

A

is the idea that we make sure that criminals get what criminal get what they deserve for the actions they have committed

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2
Q

Retribution main principles

A
  • revenge
  • proportionality
  • justice
  • a public display of moral outrage
  • setting an example
  • compensation
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3
Q

Retribution types of crime

A

war crime
terrorism
state crime
murder

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4
Q

Retribution types of punishment

A

prison
solidarity confident
capital punishment

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5
Q

Retribution limitations

A
  • min- max sentence cannot consider the context
  • a sense of justice is subjective
  • outdated view of punishment based on revenge
  • disintegrative shaming - making it harder for some to reintegrate into society
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6
Q

Retribution theory

A

Functionalism

punishment should be public and harsh

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7
Q

deterrence

A

the idea that we make sure criminals never commit crimes in the first place or stop reoffending because they are too fearful

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8
Q

deterrence types of punishment

A

prison
fines
a criminal record

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9
Q

deterrence Limitation

A
  • recidivism rates are high - 2017 uk stats ( gov.uk) showed a recidivism rate 29% for all sentences
  • juvenile recidivism rates are 39% - 63% people who have less that 12 months reoffendeing
  • assume rational choice
  • doesn’t change people sense of morality
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10
Q

deterrence theory

A

social learning theory
bandura
- vicious reinforcement skinner spoke of operative conditioning people being punished want recreate

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11
Q

incapacitation

A

idea that we restrict a criminal capacity to commit crime , limit there movement

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12
Q

incapacitation main principles

A
  • protecting the public
  • restirction of freedom
  • liberty and angenct
  • removal of rights
  • instrumental rational thinking
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13
Q

incapacitation types of crime

A

Murder
sexual crimes
assault
any repetitive offence

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14
Q

incapacitation types of punishment

A

prison
community sentences
electronic tag
house arrest

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15
Q

Incapacitation limitations

A
  • it cost £40,00 to keep someone in prison a year, currently population in £80,000 in prisons
  • cost the government between £2.5- 4 billion to keep prison going
  • assume past action - your future no capity of change
  • does not address the cause of crime
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16
Q

incapcitation theory

A

right realism

if we simpliy take the opportuines of an individuals to commit a crime they wont commit crime

17
Q

Rehabilitation

A

make sure that criminals are reformed by their punishment so that they change their ways. fouces on the future.

18
Q

Rehabilitation main principles

A
  • free will and change
  • compassion and empathy
  • understanding of structural reasons for crime
19
Q

rehabilitations types of examples

A
  • rehabilitation programmes - anger management courses, drug orders treatment , food cources, family unit- community senences
  • restorative justice
20
Q

rehabilitation types of offences

A
  • drug offences
  • assult
  • theft and robbery
  • fraud
21
Q

rehabilitation limitations

A
  • recidivism rates are high - 2017 UK stats ( gov.uk) showed a recidivism rate 29% for all sentences
  • juvenile recidivism rates are 39% - 63% for people who have less that 12 months reoffending
  • can lead to early realise of offenders who committed very serious crimes - too compasonate
  • expensive - take a lot of resources to do so
22
Q

rehabilitation theory

A

skinner operant conditoning
left realism - through learning about the structural causes of crime we more easily relate to offender and learn how to rehabilitate them

23
Q

reparation

A

idea that punishment should be based around the offender fiving some form of compensation to the victim/ society

24
Q

reparation types of examples

A
  • community service

- resotive justice

25
Q

reparation types of crimes

A 
assult 
drug offences 
property crime 
vandismlism 
murder 
state crime
26
Q

Reparation limitations

A
  • overstates how much the victim would want to face the offender
  • impossible tp give preparation to murder victims
  • Restorative justice is an expensive practice– and only works with competent and skilled professionals working with both the victims and offenders.
27
Q

Reparation theory

A

Functionalism: if crime serves a function, then the ability to restore things to the way there were is necessary after we have reinforced society’s morals and boundaries.

28
Q

community retribution

A

retribution

  • visible out in the open ‘not hidden’ away
  • have to wear a high vis vest
  • take away elements of freedom - made to do unpiad work
29
Q

community dettrences

A
  • expected to do 30-400 hours of unpaid work
30
Q

Community rehabilitation

A
  • opportunity - anger mangement , drug and alcholism programmes , traning for the future jobs
  • lower recidvisms rates than imprisonment - 34%
  • 50 convictions are 33% more likey to reoffend if they go to prison instead of community sentence
  • not involved in the university of crime
  • 8% offenders got community sentences in 2017
31
Q

community reparation

A
  • offenders have to pay back to society not through money/ repair similar damage
  • reparation to the community effected
32
Q

financial retrubtion

A
  • hits people where it hurts

- paying a fine Is often quite stressful/ makes a person suffer

33
Q

financial detterance

A
  • aware of maximum charge for committing a crime may no longer commit a crime
  • hit people where they most care
  • major warning for people as the next offence is often more serious
34
Q

financial reparation

A
  • fines are not the same as financial compensation ( victims can apply for compensation separately)
  • fines are preparation for society they go back into the criminal justice system ( why should taxpayers have t pay for the whole system)
  • flawed - often don’t get paid the criminal justice system can not chase them up in 2016, £747 million unpaid fines
35
Q

Detterance main principle

A
  • fear of servity and uncertainty
  • prevention of crime
  • setting an example
  • rational choice
36
Q

Reparation main principle

A
  • Justice
  • Victims of crime deserve compensation
  • Offenders can be reintegrated into society
  • Crime is harmful to individuals and the wider society
  • Society deserves compensation for reintegration

criminology year 2 unit 4 (6 decks)

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