Topic 4

Question 1

retribution

Answer 1

is the idea that we make sure that criminals get what criminal get what they deserve for the actions they have committed

Question 2

Retribution main principles

Answer 2

• revenge
• proportionality
• justice
• a public display of moral outrage
• setting an example
• compensation

Question 3

Retribution types of crime

Answer 3

war crime
terrorism
state crime
murder

Question 4

Retribution types of punishment

Answer 4

prison
solidarity confident
capital punishment

Question 5

Retribution limitations

Answer 5

• min- max sentence cannot consider the context
• a sense of justice is subjective
• outdated view of punishment based on revenge
• disintegrative shaming - making it harder for some to reintegrate into society

Question 6

Retribution theory

Answer 6

Functionalism

punishment should be public and harsh

Question 7

deterrence

Answer 7

the idea that we make sure criminals never commit crimes in the first place or stop reoffending because they are too fearful

Question 8

deterrence types of punishment

Answer 8

prison
fines
a criminal record

Question 9

deterrence Limitation

Answer 9

• recidivism rates are high - 2017 uk stats ( gov.uk) showed a recidivism rate 29% for all sentences
• juvenile recidivism rates are 39% - 63% people who have less that 12 months reoffendeing
• assume rational choice
• doesn’t change people sense of morality

Question 10

deterrence theory

Answer 10

social learning theory
bandura
- vicious reinforcement skinner spoke of operative conditioning people being punished want recreate

Question 11

incapacitation

Answer 11

idea that we restrict a criminal capacity to commit crime , limit there movement

Question 12

incapacitation main principles

Answer 12

• protecting the public
• restirction of freedom
• liberty and angenct
• removal of rights
• instrumental rational thinking

Question 13

incapacitation types of crime

Answer 13

Murder
sexual crimes
assault
any repetitive offence

Question 14

incapacitation types of punishment

Answer 14

prison
community sentences
electronic tag
house arrest

Question 15

Incapacitation limitations

Answer 15

• it cost £40,00 to keep someone in prison a year, currently population in £80,000 in prisons
• cost the government between £2.5- 4 billion to keep prison going
• assume past action - your future no capity of change
• does not address the cause of crime

Question 16

incapcitation theory

Answer 16

right realism

if we simpliy take the opportuines of an individuals to commit a crime they wont commit crime

Question 17

Rehabilitation

Answer 17

make sure that criminals are reformed by their punishment so that they change their ways. fouces on the future.

Question 18

Rehabilitation main principles

Answer 18

• free will and change
• compassion and empathy
• understanding of structural reasons for crime

Question 19

rehabilitations types of examples

Answer 19

• rehabilitation programmes - anger management courses, drug orders treatment , food cources, family unit- community senences
• restorative justice

Question 20

rehabilitation types of offences

Answer 20

• drug offences
• assult
• theft and robbery
• fraud

Question 21

rehabilitation limitations

Answer 21

• recidivism rates are high - 2017 UK stats ( gov.uk) showed a recidivism rate 29% for all sentences
• juvenile recidivism rates are 39% - 63% for people who have less that 12 months reoffending
• can lead to early realise of offenders who committed very serious crimes - too compasonate
• expensive - take a lot of resources to do so

Question 22

rehabilitation theory

Answer 22

skinner operant conditoning
left realism - through learning about the structural causes of crime we more easily relate to offender and learn how to rehabilitate them

Question 23

reparation

Answer 23

idea that punishment should be based around the offender fiving some form of compensation to the victim/ society

Question 24

reparation types of examples

Answer 24

• community service

- resotive justice

Question 25

reparation types of crimes

Answer 25

``` assult drug offences property crime vandismlism murder state crime ```

Question 26

Reparation limitations

Answer 26

- overstates how much the victim would want to face the offender - impossible tp give preparation to murder victims - Restorative justice is an expensive practice-- and only works with competent and skilled professionals working with both the victims and offenders.

Question 27

Reparation theory

Answer 27

Functionalism: if crime serves a function, then the ability to restore things to the way there were is necessary after we have reinforced society’s morals and boundaries.

Question 28

community retribution

Answer 28

retribution - visible out in the open 'not hidden' away - have to wear a high vis vest - take away elements of freedom - made to do unpiad work

Question 29

community dettrences

Answer 29

- expected to do 30-400 hours of unpaid work

Question 30

Community rehabilitation

Answer 30

- opportunity - anger mangement , drug and alcholism programmes , traning for the future jobs - lower recidvisms rates than imprisonment - 34% - 50 convictions are 33% more likey to reoffend if they go to prison instead of community sentence - not involved in the university of crime - 8% offenders got community sentences in 2017

Question 31

community reparation

Answer 31

- offenders have to pay back to society not through money/ repair similar damage - reparation to the community effected

Question 32

financial retrubtion

Answer 32

- hits people where it hurts | - paying a fine Is often quite stressful/ makes a person suffer

Question 33

financial detterance

Answer 33

- aware of maximum charge for committing a crime may no longer commit a crime - hit people where they most care - major warning for people as the next offence is often more serious

Question 34

financial reparation

Answer 34

- fines are not the same as financial compensation ( victims can apply for compensation separately) - fines are preparation for society they go back into the criminal justice system ( why should taxpayers have t pay for the whole system) - flawed - often don't get paid the criminal justice system can not chase them up in 2016, £747 million unpaid fines

Question 35

Detterance main principle

Answer 35

- fear of servity and uncertainty - prevention of crime - setting an example - rational choice

Question 36

Reparation main principle

Answer 36

- Justice - Victims of crime deserve compensation - Offenders can be reintegrated into society - Crime is harmful to individuals and the wider society - Society deserves compensation for reintegration