Topic 3A - Cells Flashcards
EQ. Describe how DNA is organised in a bacterial cell (3 marks)
- large circular DNA
- small plasmids
- DNA is located in the cytoplasm not the nucleus
What is mitosis important for?
- growth
- repair
- asexual reproduction.
EQ. Compare and contrast the results of mitosis and meiosis in the production of sperm cells from stem cells. (4 marks)
- both increase the number of cells
- mitosis results in 2 daughter cells while meiosis results in 4 daughter cells
- mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells while meiosis results in genetically different daughter cells
- mitosis results in diploid cells while meiosis results in haploid cells
true/false :the ribosomes of bacteria are smaller than ribosomes in eukaryote
true
EQ. Describe how you would recognise the Golgi apparatus as seen using an electron microscope. (4 marks)
- has smooth membranes
- has stacks
- has flattened cisternae
- has vesicles
EQ. Explain the roles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in a cell. (6 marks)
- ribosomes are attched to the rER
- ribosomes synthesise protein
- proteins assume a tertairy tructure within the lumen of the rER
- the rER produces vesicle to package the protein in
- these vesicles fuse with the golgi apparartus
- protein is modified in the golgi apparatus
- e.g a carbohydrate is added to make a glycoprotein
Draw and state the labels that would be on a diagram of the golgi apparatus (7 marks)
- cis face
- trans face
- transport vesicles
- secretory vesicles
- cisternae
- lumen
- newly formed vesicle
Draw and state the labels that would be on a diagram of the mitochondrion (7 marks)
- outer membrane
- inner membrane
- intermembrane space
- matrix
- cristae
- mitochondrial DNA
- 70s ribosomes
Draw and state the labels that would be on a diagram of the nucleus (5 marks)
- nuclear pore
- nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Are centrioles found in animals or plants?
animals
Are amyloplasts found in animals or plants?
plants
EQ. Describe how insulin is modified, packaged and secreted by the cell. (4 marks)
- insulin is folded in the RER and assumes a tertairy structure
- insulin is transported to the golgi apparatus via transport vesicles made by the RER
- vesicles fuse with golgi apparatus
- insulin is modified in the golgi apparatus e.g a carbohydrate is added
- insulin is packaged in secretory vesicles anf fude with the cell membrane to secrete the insulin into the cytoplasm via exocytosis
Name 3 structures that are present in prokaryote cells but abent in animal cells
- pili
- plasmids
- capsule
EQ. Describe how you could identify a nucleus in a photograph (3 marks)
- has nucelar pores
- has a nucleolus
- has a double membrane
EQ. Compare and contrast the structure of a prokarytic with that of a mitochondrion. (3 marks)
- both contain ribosomes
- both contain circular DNA
- mitochondrion has a double membrane while a prokaryotic has a single membrane
