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chemistry > topic 3.4 atmosphere, acids & salts > Flashcards

topic 3.4 atmosphere, acids & salts Flashcards

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1
Q

acid + base

A

—> salt + water

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2
Q

acid + alkali

A

—> salt + water

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3
Q

acid + carbonate

A

—> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What are the exceptions for chloride (solubility rules)

A

soluble except for ag+ (silver) and pb2+ (lead)

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5
Q

what are the exceptions for sulphate (solubility rules)

A

soluble except for ca2+ (calcium), ba2+ (barium) and pb2+ (lead)

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6
Q

what are the exceptions for carbonate (solubility rules)

A

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and NH4 + (ammonium)

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7
Q

what are the exceptions for hydroxide (solubility rules)

A

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and ca2+ (calcium)

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8
Q

what are the exceptions for oxide (solubility rules)

A

insoluble except for na+ (sodium), k+ (potassium) and NH4 + (ammonium)

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9
Q

wow you’re doing great

A

thanks

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10
Q

what is a precipitate?

A

an insoluble solid that appears when two solutions are mixed

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11
Q

what is an alkali?

A

bases that dissolve, and therefore donate their OH- (OH- donor)

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12
Q

what’s a base

A

an H+ acceptor (metal oxides, hydroxides, ammonia)

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13
Q

what’s an acid

A

an H+ donor

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14
Q

what’s a salt

A

the compound formed when an acid is neutralised

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15
Q

how much % of nitrogen is there in the air

A

78%

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16
Q

how much oxygen is there in the air

A

21%

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17
Q

how much argon is there in the air

A

1%

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18
Q

how much carbon dioxide is there in the air

A

0.04%

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19
Q

what alkalis do you need to remember

A

sodium hydroxide - NaOH
potassium hydroxide - KOH

20
Q

what’s the symbol for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

21
Q

what’s the symbol for nitric acid

A

HNO3

22
Q

what’s the symbol for sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

23
Q

what’s the symbol for phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4

24
Q

what’s another acid thing

A

non-metal dioxides

25
Q

what’s the ion charge for carbonate

A

CO3 2-

26
Q

what’s the ion charge for ammonium

A

NH4 +

27
Q

what’s the ion charge for hydroxide

A

OH -

28
Q

what’s the ion charge for nitrate

A

NO3 -

29
Q

what’s the ion charge for carbonate

A

CO3 2-

30
Q

what’s the ion charge for sulphate

A

SO4 2-

31
Q

what’s the ion charge for phosphate

A

PO4 3-

32
Q

what’s the ion charge for zinc (Zn)

A

2+

33
Q

what’s the ion charge for copper (Cu)

A

2+

34
Q

what’s the ion charge for silver (Ag)

A

+

35
Q

how do you do precipitation to make pure, dry insoluble salts

A
  1. Mix two solutions and stir them
  2. Filter out the precipitate
  3. Wash the precipitate with water
  4. Dry the precipitate with a paper towel/filter paper
36
Q

what’s observations for when metal carbonates react with acids

A

fizzing = CO2 gas is produced

solid disappears = metal carbonate is
used up in the reaction

37
Q

how to do titration thing please i need help i am sooo stuck on this

A

SETUP:
1. use volumetric pipette to place 25cm cubed of the unknown alkali into a conical flask
2. add few drops of methyl orange/phenolphthalein indicator to the flask
- universal indicator doesn’t work because it changes colours too gradually
3. fill burette with known acid and clamp it above the conical flask

USAGE:
4. measure the initial volume of known acid on the burette, to nearest 0.05cm
5. use burette to add acid into conical flask drop-by-drop and swirling the flask
6. close burette tap as soon as colour in conical flask changes
-start colour will be alkaline colour, end colour will be acidic colour
7. measure final volume of known acid on the burette, to nearest 0.05 cm
8. calculate titre (final volume - initial volume)
9. repeat to get concordant (within 0.2 cm) titres

38
Q

observations to remember

A

fizzing
solid disappears
colour change

39
Q

what colour does blue litmus paper go in acid

A

red

40
Q

what colour does blue litmus paper go in alkaline

A

blue (no change)

41
Q

what colour does methyl orange go in acid

A

red

42
Q

what colour does methyl orange go in neutral

A

yellow

43
Q

what colour does methyl orange go in alkaline

A

yellow

44
Q

define the term indicator

A

a substance that changes colour in different pH solutions

45
Q

what’s the difference between an acid and an acidic solution?

A

acids are able to donate H+ ions when dissolved in water, acidic solutions are any solutions with a pH less than 7

46
Q

test for carbon dioxide?

A

bubble the gas through limewater, if it goes cloudy it’s carbon dioxide

47
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen

chemistry (10 decks)

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