Topic 3: Urban Challenges Flashcards
What is economic influence?
Is when a city starts to invest in the infrastructure and the area, causing migration and increased jobs and transport
What is urbanisation?
When the population increases near the city and people move into the urban areas and in towns and cities
Where is urbanisation mostly increasing?
Mostly in developing countries and continents such as Africa and Asia for jobs and a better quality of life
What’s a mega city?
A city that has a population over 10 million people
Where are megacities growing?
mostly in North America & Europe however they will start to move into Asia as Asia has the greatest growth and megacities globally
What’s a world city?
The city which plays a disproportionate role in the world affairs and have urban primacy
What’s the primate city?
It is dominant as it has lots of links with other cities and increases the economic and cultural factors
What is the urban pool in Kampala?
There are better opportunities.
Better housing
Better quality of life.
Better services
Better technology improvements
Better pay jobs
What are the push factors from their area to make people move to Kampala?
Lack of services
Lack of investment
Drought and flooding
Lack of opportunity
Low pay
What is a primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary job and given example for each
Primary: agriculture job such as fishing
Secondary: manufacturing such as factory
Tertiary: services such as teachers and shop workers
Quaternary: research jobs such as IT and medicine
What happens each of the job sectors as the country develops and becomes industrialised
Tertiary would start to increase a lot
Primary will start to decrease a lot.
Secondary would fluctuate with decreasing in post-industrial.
Quaternary would only start to increase and happen in post industrial
What is happening with New York’s population and aspects?
It’s population is increasing.
They brought an experts from overseas.
They imported unskilled migrants.
Focuses on expertise and finance
What is happening with Detroit’s population and aspects?
It’s population has decreased a lot.
This is due to the wealthy population leaving to live in the suburbs and only left the poor population.
Deionisation happened to General Motors left and there was less jobs so a lot more unemployment as this was a main place for jobs.
However uni students have starts moving in with it being cheap
What suburbanisation?
When cities are too crowded and polluted people move out if they can afford it and they go to the suburbs
What is counterurbanisation?
People choose to leave larger towns and cities and move to rural areas of population decline in inner cities
What are the four factors that influence land use
Accessibility
Availability
Cost
Planning regulations
How does accessibility affect land use?
If there is more access in the CBD, it will attract people and businesses.
Main roads and motorways will make this easier
How will availability affect land use?
Buildings will have to start expanding upwards as the ground space is limited.
There is a lot of spaces on the edge of cities which stuff like shopping centres
How will cost affect the land use?
Houses increase in size from the inner city to the suburbs.
City centre has highest land prices so it will mostly be businesses or wealthy people living there
How will planning regulations affect land use?
City planners control when and how city developed.
And strict applying commissions in the city to stop at continuously expanding such as the greenbelt
What is the case study in this topic?
Lagos
What is Lagos site?
It has a natural harbour and is protected by it.
Good trade.
Tropical climate so good for crops and farming
What is Lagos situation
Lots of major Road
Major airport
Good railway links for travel
Why is Lagos important to Nigeria?
It has the highest population of 21 million and is the largest financial centre in Nigeria.
Has the largest airport for links
Why is Lagos imporpant to West Africa?
It has the seventh largest economy and will continue to get bigger with its oil finds and become the richest in Africa
Why is Lagos important to the world?
There’s lots of culture coming out and with movie productions with Nollwood and seas help with links with other countries
What is the CBD, Legos Island like?
It was built in the 1920s
Near the lagoon and the port and has major roads
Use for government headquarters banks and expensive residential
Where are the slums and what are they like?
There in Ojo
They were developed overtime on the suburbs and the slums of housing is sprawling.
It has major roads near it and the government want to get rid of it to put new housing
How many people arrive daily in Lagos?
Over 200 people arrive daily and the population is set to double in 15 years
How has the cities GDP changed?
Has changed 250% in 2012
What is land use?
What is done in an area such as commercial or residential
What is spartial growth?
Growth of the city either into and beyond the RUF or on reclaimed land or land on Sea
What is urban function?
The typical function of an area affect the type of buildings you find there
Give two examples of reclaimed land or expansion in Lagos
Banana Island, which is residential, business and for the wealthy
Eko Island, which is for wealthy residential
What is Makoko?
This is slum built on a lagoon.
It is an area of wasteland and houses and a built on stilts above the water
What did the government want to do with Makoko?
They want to replaced and destroyed it so they can reclaim the land for wealthy people.
They believe it looks ugly and they want to develop it for the rich and push out the poor
What is inequality?
The variation in access to services such as healthcare and housing
What are some benefits of living in Lagos?
Easy to get work.
Income is four times as high in the city of Lagos
Healthcare centres and hospitals.
More likely to get electricity and Internet access and water networks
What people expect when they get to Lagos?
When they move to Lagos, so the quality of life to improve with all the benefits that come with moving there
Name three challenges of Lagos
Squatter settlements
Water supply
Waste disposal
Poor employment conditions
Traffic congestions
Limited service provisions
What is gini coefficient?
Way of measuring income inequality
0 is completely equal, whereas 1 is very unequal
What is London’s Gini coefficient compared to Lagos
London’s is 0.37
Legos is 0.66
Compare to things about the rich and poor in Lagos
The rich are expected to live till 68 whereas the poor to 47
It only takes 18 minutes for the rich to get to work, whereas it takes an hour and 39 minutes to get to work with the poor
What is quality of life?
The standard of health and access to services such as education, healthcare, housing and jobs
What is a sustainable city?
A city that provides good quality of life for residence without using up resources or damaging the environment for future generations
Name a top down plan with advantages and disadvantages
- They have new water treatment plans and has been built to increase the supply of formal water
However, it is often very expensive and might have to borrow money and go into debt. - They will address economic, social and environmental sustainability however these plans mostly only help the rich and not the most in need.
Name some bottom-up plans in Legos with advantages and disadvantages
- They are planned with local community, so it has their support and target what they need most, however small scale project reach few people and the funds are limited and it requires donations
- Is often funded by donations so low cost to the people they help, however there could be several NGOs helping and this can cannot communications to have the same aim but working separately
Charities help build education in slums
