Topic 3: Systems Flashcards
Nervous System
The system which sends electrical then chemical systems through nerves to help an organ
Central Nervous System
The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Made up of sensory and motor neurone which connects the central nervous system to the body and is able to detect change
Electrical impulses
The form that messages sent from the central nervous are found in which travels through the peripheral nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse
Synapses
The gap between adjoining neurons across which electrical nervous impulses are sent
Endocrine System
The system responsible for releasing hormones into the body
Endocrine Glands
The glands that produce hormones
Eg. Pancreas
Hormones
A chemical substance that is produced in the endocrine glands and is given to the body through the circulatory system with each hormone having a different effect
Respiratory System
The system responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
Trachea
The narrow tube lined with cartilage that passes air through to the lungs and out of the lungs
Lungs
A major body organ that is responsible for gas exchange
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Thin narrow tubes within the lungs that pass air through to the alveoli
Alveoli
The part at the end of the bronchioles which is lined with capillaries and is responsible for taking out carbon dioxide from the blood stream and replacing it with oxygen
Capillaries
The thin blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and supplies cells with both oxygen and glucose
Circulatory System
The system responsible for transporting hormones, nutrients and oxygen around the body in order for cells to respire
Digestive System
The system responsible for extracting nutrients from food in order for cells to produce glucose
Enzymes
Special chemicals in which help speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction
Cellular Respiration
The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
Digestion
The process of converting large food molecules into small molecules for the body to use
Salivary Glands
Glands located in the mouth which produce saliva that contains amylase
Mechanical Digestion
Digestion that involves physically breaking down food
Chemical Digestion
Digestion that involves chemically digesting food
Oesophagus
A long tube lined in muscles that connects the mouth to the stomach
Peristalisis
The process of pushing down food in the oesophagus
Small Intestine
The intestine which absorbs nutrients from food
Absorption
The process of extracting nutrients from food
Villi
Tiny finger like things that are lined across the small intestine responsible for absorbing nutrients
Colon
Sections of the large intestine that absorbs water
Large Intestine
A long tube responsible for absorbing liquids and vitamins
Cellulose
A natural substance responsible for keeping plant cells rigid
Rectum
A temporary storage site of faecal waste
Anus
The final part of the digestive track which releases faeces
Gall bladder
Responsible for storing bile produced by the liver
Bile
A substance that is responsible for converting fats into small molecules
Lipases
An enzyme responsible for breaking down fats
Amylase
The enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates
Protease
The enzyme responsible for breaking down protein
Pancreas
An organ that produces enzymes to assist in the breakdown of foods
