Topic 3: Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

The system which sends electrical then chemical systems through nerves to help an organ

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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Made up of sensory and motor neurone which connects the central nervous system to the body and is able to detect change

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4
Q

Electrical impulses

A

The form that messages sent from the central nervous are found in which travels through the peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

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6
Q

Synapses

A

The gap between adjoining neurons across which electrical nervous impulses are sent

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7
Q

Endocrine System

A

The system responsible for releasing hormones into the body

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8
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

The glands that produce hormones

Eg. Pancreas

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9
Q

Hormones

A

A chemical substance that is produced in the endocrine glands and is given to the body through the circulatory system with each hormone having a different effect

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10
Q

Respiratory System

A

The system responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide

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11
Q

Trachea

A

The narrow tube lined with cartilage that passes air through to the lungs and out of the lungs

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12
Q

Lungs

A

A major body organ that is responsible for gas exchange

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13
Q

Bronchi and Bronchioles

A

Thin narrow tubes within the lungs that pass air through to the alveoli

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14
Q

Alveoli

A

The part at the end of the bronchioles which is lined with capillaries and is responsible for taking out carbon dioxide from the blood stream and replacing it with oxygen

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15
Q

Capillaries

A

The thin blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and supplies cells with both oxygen and glucose

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16
Q

Circulatory System

A

The system responsible for transporting hormones, nutrients and oxygen around the body in order for cells to respire

17
Q

Digestive System

A

The system responsible for extracting nutrients from food in order for cells to produce glucose

18
Q

Enzymes

A

Special chemicals in which help speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

19
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

20
Q

Digestion

A

The process of converting large food molecules into small molecules for the body to use

21
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Glands located in the mouth which produce saliva that contains amylase

22
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Digestion that involves physically breaking down food

23
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Digestion that involves chemically digesting food

24
Q

Oesophagus

A

A long tube lined in muscles that connects the mouth to the stomach

25
Peristalisis
The process of pushing down food in the oesophagus
26
Small Intestine
The intestine which absorbs nutrients from food
27
Absorption
The process of extracting nutrients from food
28
Villi
Tiny finger like things that are lined across the small intestine responsible for absorbing nutrients
29
Colon
Sections of the large intestine that absorbs water
30
Large Intestine
A long tube responsible for absorbing liquids and vitamins
31
Cellulose
A natural substance responsible for keeping plant cells rigid
32
Rectum
A temporary storage site of faecal waste
33
Anus
The final part of the digestive track which releases faeces
34
Gall bladder
Responsible for storing bile produced by the liver
35
Bile
A substance that is responsible for converting fats into small molecules
36
Lipases
An enzyme responsible for breaking down fats
37
Amylase
The enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates
38
Protease
The enzyme responsible for breaking down protein
39
Pancreas
An organ that produces enzymes to assist in the breakdown of foods