Topic 3- Structure And Bonding Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the three types of bonding?
Metallic, Covalent and Ionic.
What is a metallic bond?
An electrostatic attraction between a delocalised sea of electrons and a lattice of positively charged ions.
What is a covalent bond?
An electrostatic attraction between an electron pair and two different positive atomic cores.
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic attraction between ions with opposite charges.
Ionic bonding forms what type of structure?
A Giant Ionic Lattice
What is a Giant Ionic Lattice?
It is a structure formed by ionic bonds where the attractive force is maximised with a positive ion (cation) and is surrounded by a lattice of negatively charged ions (anions) and vice versa.
Metallic Bonds form what type of structure?
A Giant Metallic Lattice.
What is a Giant Metallic Lattice?
a type of structure formed by metallic bonds where delocalised electrons are spread throughout the metallic structure and it is impossible to tell which electron originated from which particular positive ion.
What type of structure do covalent bonds result in?
Covalent bonds can form two structures;
- A Giant Covalent Lattice
- A Simple Molecular Lattice
What is a Giant Covalent Lattice?
It is a structure formed by covalent bonds where atoms of elects are held in a rigid giant lattice by strong covalent bonds.
What is a simple molecular lattice?
A structure formed by covalent bonds where molecules of an element or compound are held in a fluid lattice structure by weaker intermolecular forces.
What is a chemical bond?
An electrical force of attraction between atoms and molecules.
What are the two types of chemical bonds? Give examples of each.
- Intermolecular bonds- Van der Waals bonds
- Intramolecular bonds- Metallic ionic covalent bonds
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
A non-polar covalent bond is where there is no electronegativity difference between two atoms.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A covalent bond with a small electronegativity difference between atoms.
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract the electron density in a covalent bond towards itself.
What 3 things does electronegativity depend on?
- The number of protons in the nucleus
- The distance between the nucleus and outer electrons
- The amount of shielding by inner electrons
What happens to electronegativity as you go across a period and why?
Electronegativity increases as you go across a period because the number of charges on the nucleus increases.
What happens to electronegativity as you go down the groups in the periodic table?
Electronegativity decreases as you go down a group as there is a weaker attraction between the bonding electrons. As you go down a group, the electrons move further from the nucleus.
What is a valence electron and how is it represented?
A valence electron is how many electrons are in the outer shell of the element. E.g group 1 has 1 electron represented by 1e-
What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?
A covalent bond is between 2 non-metals whereas an ionic bond is between a metal and a non-metal.
